Loading the default profile. Configuring Standard User Accounts

The first step in configuring shared computers for Blue Yonder Airlines is to configure user accounts on each of these computers. Since the company has a network of computers under Windows control Server® 2008 R2 and employee user accounts are listed in Active Directory®, no need to set up user accounts on shared computers. You just need to avoid adding user accounts to the local Administrators group. Domain users are members of the default user group. This configuration isolates users so that they cannot change system files or parameters, as well as will not be able to access files or parameters of other users.

You must create user accounts for computers using the Guest account. The best way define these accounts based on roles. For example, a school might define three roles — students, faculty, and staff — and then customize each shared account as needed. Libraries can be configured with supervisor and employee roles. Only one name is required for ByaGuest. Instead of creating an account in Active Directory, you create an account on each computer and configure the computers to automatically log in using the ByaGuest account.

Create a local user account.

1. On a public computer, click the Start button, type Local Users, and then click Change Local Users and Groups. If Windows 7 prompts you to enter an administrator password or confirm an action, enter the password or confirm that you want to continue.

2. Click the Users folder, click an action, and select New User.

3. In the new user dialog box (shown in the figure), enter the appropriate information and then click the "New" button.

Creating a new user account in Windows 7

4. If you want to create more than one user account, repeat the previous steps for each user account, and then click the "Close" button.

Note. When you create accounts for individual users, do not select the "user cannot change password" checkbox. However, when creating shared, role-based user accounts, select this check box to prevent users from changing their password and prevent other users from accessing the shared computer. Also, leave the checkbox unchecked if you want to provide continuous access to the shared account.

In addition to creating standard user accounts, you can configure them the first time a user logs on to the computer. Windows 7 stores files and user settings in user profiles, which are separate from system settings. By default, Windows 7 stores these user profiles in C: \ Users, creating one subfolder for each user who logs on to the computer. When a user logs on to the computer for the first time, Windows 7 creates a user profile folder by copying the default user profile folder from C: \ Users \ Default.

Setting up default user profiles is an easy way to set up new user accounts. However, they are not suitable for all parameters. The default user profiles are great and in a simple way to configure the preferences that you want to allow users to change. But, they are not suitable for the parameters that you want to control. To do this, you must use the Group Policy settings.

To create a default user profile

1. Log on to your Windows 7 computer as a member of the local Administrators group. Don't use a domain account.

Note. To create a default user profile use additional computer with clean installation Windows 7. Do not use a computer that is required for business (that is, a production computer). The process that describes these steps removes all domain accounts from the computer, including the user profile folders. After creating a default user profile, it can be copied from C: \ Users \ Default to network folder or to removable media.

2. Configure the settings that you want to include in the user profile. For example, you can customize settings for the Start menu, Windows Explorer, and so on.

3. Create an Unattend.xml file that sets the CopyProfile parameter to True. The CopyProfile parameter calls Sysprep to copy the user's profile folder that is logged into the default user profile. You can use the system manager Windows images which is part of the package automatic installation Windows (Windows AIK) to generate the Unattend.xml file.

4.In command line type the following command and press Enter:

sysprep / oobe / reboot / generalize / unattend: unattend.xml

(Sysprep.exe is located at: C: \ Windows \ System32 \ sysprep)

5. Complete the finished solution and then log on to the computer with an account that has local administrator privileges.

6. Click the Start button, enter your user profile, and then click the Configure advanced user profile properties button.

7. In the User Profiles dialog box (shown in the figure), click the default profile and click the Copy button.

Copying the Default User Profile Using the User Profiles Dialog Box

8. In the Copy To dialog box, do the following.

a. in the Copy Profile To text box, enter the path to the location where you want to save the default user profile.

b. in the Allowed to Use group, click Change, enter the details, and then click OK.

9. Click OK to copy the default user profile.

Note. There are other methods for creating default user profiles. For example, you can click the Copy button in the User Profiles dialog box to copy the user profile folder to the default user profile. However, the steps that are described in this section are the steps that Microsoft recommends for configuring this profile. These steps will clean up the original user profile to support multiple users.

Do you often need to create new user accounts, but don't want to waste time setting up each one? Customize one account to suit your needs, and then use it as a template for new accounts on your computer.

1. Log in to the system with an administrative level account. Create a new account in the Control Panel in the User Accounts window.

2. Log out and log back in, io already with a new account.

3. Set up your account as you see fit. Some of the Explorer settings you might find useful in this situation are discussed in Chapter 2.

4. When finished, log out and log back in with your normal administrative account.

5. If you have not already done so, in the Folder Options window in the Control Panel, enable the display of hidden files and folders in Windows Explorer... This is discussed in more detail in Chapter 2.

6. Next, open the System window in Control Panel and click the Advanced system settings link on the left side of the window.

7. On the Advanced tab, under User Profiles, click the Settings link.

8. Select the user account you just created and configured and click Copy (Soru To).

9. In the Copy Profile (Soru To) window, click Browse, select the C: \ Users \ Default User folder and click OK.

10. Click OK, then Yes to start copying. The contents of the Default User folder will be deleted and Windows will write the new account settings instead.

The new settings can now be used as a template when creating user accounts. Temporary Account you created in step 1 is no longer needed and can be deleted.

Users of computers and devices that replace them often come across the term "default", which is used when describing software settings. They have a question: what does default mean?

It would seem that an understandable term that does not require "translation" into Russian, nevertheless, upon closer examination, turns out to be incomprehensible.

Let's try to figure it out. Is it possible to use the default operating mode of the software?

Why default settings are needed

Many modern application programs used on personal computers, are multifunctional, have many features, not all of which are used in practice by all PC users.

You can endlessly study MS Office applications, and each time new and new possibilities will open up for editing and processing words (Microsoft), spreadsheets ( Microsoft Excel), presentations (Microsoft Power Point), etc. The same can be said for any other program: browsers, Skype, etc.

The above means that it is very redundant in terms of its functions. This redundancy is needed in order to provide PC users with a variety of information processing capabilities. For programmers who create this redundant in their own functionality software, this means that it is necessary to provide for many options for data processing in advance at the stage of writing programs. And all these options need to be incorporated into application programs, as well as provide convenient opportunities for their use.

The variability of the software is convenient because the user is presented with many options that are often not used by him. The downside of this coin is that a lot of settings must be made before using the software. Indeed, if the software allows a lot of things, and the user needs to use only part of the provided capabilities, then you need to somehow indicate to the program what, in fact, the user is interested in in this particular case.

To simplify software configuration, programmers use the default mode.

What does default mean

Let's see the logic of programmers when they create (or, as they say, write) a program. Programmers proceed from the fact that in each specific case of the program operation, the following 2 options are possible:

the program in this particular case can perform only one action,
and the program can do more than one action.

As a rule, there are no other options. Where there is only one action, the programmer programs it. But where there are several actions, the programmer must write the program in such a way that it asks the user questions about what to do at a given moment, or the program itself automatically selects one of possible options.

In the second case, they say that the programmer set the program to work in the default mode, i.e. the programmer himself, without the participation of users, determined by which of the possible options the program should work in this particular case.

If the program automatically selects one of the possible options for working in a particular case, then this means that such settings were set by the developer of this program, these are the default settings. The user, with the ability and desire, can change them to others.

Harder for the programmer, easier for the user

Determining when a program can do one single action and when there can be several such options is rather difficult. Let's consider this on the example of moving the mouse cursor using the "" manipulator. If the user moves the mouse, then, it would seem, the only possible reaction to this the programmer should set the movement of the mouse cursor on the screen of the worker windows desktop... It seems to be the only action.

But you can move the cursor across the screen at different speeds. One user likes the speed at which the mouse cursor moves across the desktop in response to small movements of the mouse across the real table.

It is more convenient for another user if the cursor movement speed is slower, but someone likes to work completely "with a brake". Accordingly, this movement speed can be adjusted (regulated) in the mouse settings (for Windows XP it is regulated: "Start" - "Settings" - "Control Panel" - "Mouse" - "Pointer Options" - "Set the pointer movement speed").

But after the first Windows installations or after the first connection of a new PC mouse, the mesh pointer cursor starts moving at some "average" speed, and the PC user did not specify anything in the settings.

This is what is called the "default" settings. That is, programmers have already, as it were, already configured the software to perform certain functions, while there can be a great variety of possible options for performing these functions.

Pros and cons of default

Defaults make things easier for PC users, especially novice users. They allow you to create a user-friendly interface for the software, making the process of using the programs convenient and comfortable. At the same time, users do not know what the default means.

Imagine for a moment what would happen if in all cases of multiple decision making the software would ask the user questions:

Do you want to move your mouse cursor to the right?
Are you sure about that?
How fast should this move be done?

- this is from the area of anti-friendly interface.

But defaults are fraught with problems for users. If the user works with the software solely on the basis of the defaults prepared by the programmer, then in this way the user deliberately limits himself in the use of many other possibilities inherent in the programs.

For example, when working with the "mouse" manipulator, the user can not only adjust the speed of the cursor movement, but also adjust the accuracy of the pointer, its appearance, the ability to apply special effects when moving the pointer, adjust the speed of movement by rotating the mouse wheel, change the assignment of mouse buttons, etc.

When default is not possible

Programmers don't always include defaults in their programs. Sometimes they fail. For example, try in the program Microsoft Office create new document(The main menu button is "Create"), enter any text into a new "blank" document (even if it consists of one word), and then try to save this "new" text using the "Save" menu (The main menu button is "Save "Or move the mouse cursor to the floppy disk image and click on left button mice).

Alas, the document will not be automatically saved, in this case only the "Save As" option will work and the user will be prompted to specify the file name, its location in file system, file extension option, and other options.

Another thing is when a user opens a previously created file using a Microsoft Office program. In this case, after any editing of this file, clicking on the floppy disk icon (or the Main menu button - "Save") will save the changes in the same file under the same name that was opened initially.

The given example with the program Microsoft Word shows that default modes can be defined by programmers only where these defaults can be found in principle.

If the programmer does not know in advance what will be called new file, created for the first time using Microsoft Word, then he does not set this "by default", but programs in such a way that the program in this case would necessarily display the question for the user, and would suggest the user to make his own responsible decision.

Should I change the default settings or not?

Novice users should be careful about the software's actions in the "default" mode. They need to understand whether the actions of the software are the only possible actions that do not imply any settings, or if this is one of the possible actions of the program, behind which there are various settings and pointers that allow expanding the capabilities of the PC software.

You can even say that the difference between advanced PC users and novice users is largely in the understanding of the actions of the software in the "default" mode. Novice users often do not understand whether they use all the capabilities of the software to solve their problems using a computer.

A experienced users studied in detail and learned how to apply in practice all kinds of software settings (both applied and system), and thus sometimes more effectively use the provided opportunities.

However, I would not like the default modes to be perceived only as tools for beginners. Quite often "advanced" users use defaults, not all of them constantly tune and reconfigure the software, and not all of them are "promoted" only due to this.

Settings are good, but besides that there are many other possibilities: program menus, icons and buttons for controlling programs, context menus (for example, by pressing the right mouse button), controlling programs using the keyboard, etc. All this expands the possibilities of using a PC, and "promotes" users from the category of beginners to the category of "advanced".

Examples of defaults

Now let's take a look at some examples of PC defaults. We have already said about the mouse. Similarly, you can configure the keyboard, or use the parameters that were set by default.

All other devices connected to the PC or located inside the PC work in exactly the same way - they can work in the "default" mode or they can be configured, as a rule, through the "Control Panel".

Default in filenames

Files in Windows are usually shown as a file name without specifying the file extension. For example, Name.docx will show the name Name, and the extension.docx will be hidden. Every file must have a name, and almost always (though not always) also has an extension.

File name extensions are not shown by default in Windows. This is done for the benefit of users. If you change the file extensions "like gloves", then Windows sooner or later will face the problem of opening files, that is, what program can open a file with an unfamiliar Windows extension.

How to make Windows show file extensions is described.

By file extension Windows system automatically detects the default program intended for processing of this file... However, this file can be processed not only with the default program. Often, multiple programs can be used to process the same file.

Just click right click mouse next to the file icon and context menu see options such as "Open" or "Open with ...". The second option provides a different program besides the default program for editing the file.

Default browser

To search for information on the Internet, users can use different browsers: from the standard Microsoft Internet Explorer before Google chrome... The user makes the choice of the browser on his own, if he initially launches it on a PC, and then starts a search.

However, the link to the Internet page can be obtained by the user by e-mail, or this link can be published in some file on the user's computer. In this case, which of installed browsers should I apply in order to follow this link? And Windows chooses the "default" browser. And these defaults are set through the "Control Panel", or using the settings of the browsers themselves, if these settings allow you to declare the browser as the default program for working with Internet pages.

Outcomes

There are an infinite number of examples of defaults in software, since this approach is a common practice for programmers to write both application and system software. Programmers are silent about how, in each specific case, it is possible to change the course of program execution, optimize its execution, improve the interface, increase performance, etc.

But they do this not in order to “hide” the settings from users, but so that users can work both in the “default” mode and deliberately changing the software settings.

They are silent about the advanced capabilities of the PC software, and users agree with these defaults, or change them in accordance with their requests, needs, habits, etc., which makes the software as convenient and comfortable as possible for everyone who decided to use a PC in their work , at home or on vacation.

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