Domain levels

Domains are divided into first (top), second and third level. Moreover, if we analyze the composition of a domain name, then domains are read from right to left.

The root domain is root domain. The top-level domain, marked with a "dot" (zero level). In common usage, the "dot" is not displayed as part of the domain name.

Top (first level) domains.

Top-level domain names are also called domain zones.

Domains of the first (top) level include domain names such as.ru, .рф, .su, .com, .net, .club.

Top-level domains are divided into several groups:

1. Country code top level domains (cctlds). On the territory of the Russian Federation, such domains include domain zones.RU, .РФ, .SU. Domain zones can also be classified as national domains: .ua (Ukraine), .de (Germany), .eu (European Union).
2. International (generic) top-level domains (generic Top Level Domain (gTLD). These are such domain zones as: .com, .info, .biz, .name, .org.
3. New international top-level domains ( new gTLD). These domain zones are thematically focused on various spheres of life and business: hobbies and everyday life (.photography, .gallery, .garden), business and finance (.finance, .money, .business), sports and entertainment (.bike, .fitness, .bar), style and beauty (.style, .best, .fashion), professional activity (.guru, .expert, .lawyer).

Second level domains.

Second-level domains are registered on first-level domains. It is the second-level domains that are common for commercial use. For example, second-level domains are hoster..com sites.

Domains of the third level.

Third-level domains can be created on second-level domains. Domains of the third level include such domains as filanco.com.ua, datahouse.com.ru.

For commercial use on the territory of the Russian Federation, registration in geographic and industry domains in the domain zones: ru.net, com.ru, msk.ru, sbp.ru is widespread.

International gTLDs

Biz - websites for business
.com - sites of commercial organizations
.edu - educational resources
.gov - government websites
.info - information sites
.mil - sites of military organizations
.movie - official movie sites
.museum - museum sites
.net - providers and network organizations
.org - non-profit organizations
.pro - for professionals
.tv - sites of television companies

Name - personal domain

Club - domain for a club by common interests

Xyz - generic domain

Center - somewhat similar to the.club zone, but wider. The domain can be interpreted as a "center for like-minded people" and "shopping center".

Domains of different countries

Am from Armenia

At from Austria
.az - Azerbaijan

Be from Belgium
.bg - Bulgaria

By - Belarus
.ch - Switzerland

Cn - China

Co - Colombia
.de - Germany

Dk from Denmark
.ee - Estonia

Eg - Egypt
.es - Spain

Eu - Europe
.fi - Finland

Fr - France
.gb - UK

Ge from Georgia
.gr - Greece

Hr from Croatia
.hu - Hungary

Ie - Ireland
.il - Israel

In - India
.is - Iceland

It from Italy
.jp - Japan

Kg - Kyrgyzstan
.kz - Kazakhstan

Li from Liechtenstein
.lt - Lithuania

Lu from Luxembourg
.lv - Latvia

Ly from Libya
.md - Moldova

Mn from Mongolia
.nl - Netherlands

No - Norway
.nt - Neutral Zone

Pl - Poland
.pt - Portugal

Ro from Romania
.ru - Russia

Se from Sweden
.si - Slovenia

Sk from Slovakia
.su - Former USSR

Tj from Tajikistan
.tm - Turkmenistan

Tr from Turkey
.ua - Ukraine

Uk - United Kingdom
.us - USA

Uz - Uzbekistan
.va - Vatican

From the latter:

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What is a domain, domain levels, domain zones.

By the domain name, you can recognize some site ownership: .ru - Russian-language sites, .ua - Ukrainian sites, .by - Belarusian sites, .com - commercial sites (from the word COMmerce). Although, without visiting the site only by domain, it is often not possible to absolutely correctly determine its ownership. Often, when buying a domain, webmasters rely only on its cost, or on the availability of the name of interest to him in one of the zones. In Russia, for example, in addition to ru, the com zone is very popular (moreover, it is not at all necessary for a commercial site), the info, net, org zone.

You can check the availability of the domain you are interested in here:

domain RU - 99 rubles RF domain - 99 rubles

By the way, if you buy hosting from HTS.ru then you will receive domain for free!

Domains come in several levels.

First level domains (top level) are not used for site names by themselves - this is what is placed at the end of all domains after a period. All first-level domains can be roughly divided into two large parts: these are general use domains (public and limited availability) and national domains. First level domains are also called domain zone.

List of public domain zones

• com - commercial
• edu - educational
• net - network (network providers)
• aero - (air transportation industry)
• gov - goverment (government)
• int - International Organizations
• coop - (used by organizations providing cooperative services)
• museum - (the domain is available for registration only for museums)
• mil - military (US military institutions)
• name - (created for domains like firstname.lastname.name)
• org - organization (non-profit organizations)
• pro - professional (domain for certified professionals: doctors, lawyers, etc.)
• mobi - mobile (devices and mobile operators)
• info - information services
• biz - businesses, firms
• tv - television (television companies, organizations providing television services)
• arpa - ArpaNet

List of geographic first level domains

AD - Andorra	AE - United Arab Emirates	AF - Afghanistan
AG - Antigua & Barbuda	AI - Anguilla	AL - Albania
AM - Armenia	AN - Netherlands Antilles	AO - Angola
AQ - Antarctica	AR - Argentina	AS - American Samoa
AT - Austria	AU - Australia	AW - Aruba
AZ - Azerbaijan	BA - Bosnia & Herzegovina	BB - Barbados
BD - Bangladesh	BE - Belgium	BF - Burkina Faso
BG - Bulgaria	BH - Bahrain	BI - Burundi
BJ - Benin	BM - Bermuda	BN - Brunei Darussalam
BO - Bolivia	BR - Brazil	BS - The Bahamas
BT - Bhutan	BV - Bouvet Island	BW - Botswana
BY - Belarus	BZ - Belize	CA - Canada
CC - Cocos Islands	CF - Central Africa	CG - Congo
CH - Switzerland	CI - Cote d "Ivoire	CK - Cook Islands
CL - Chile	CM - Cameroon	CN - China
CO - Colombia	CR - Costa Rica	CU - Cuba
CV - Cape Verde	CX - Christmas Island	CY - Cyprus
CZ - Czech Rep.	DE - Germany	DJ - Djibouti
DK - Denmark	DM - Dominica	DO - Dominican Rep.
DZ - Algeria	EC - Ecuador	EE - Estonia
EG - Egypt	EH - Western Sahara	ER - Eritrea
ES - Spain	ET - Ethiopia	FI - Finland
FJ - Fiji	FK - Falkland Islands	FM - Micronesia
FO - Faroe Islands	FR - France	FX - France Mеtr.
GA - Gabon	GD - Grenada	GE - Georgia
GF - French Guyana	GG - Guernsey	GH - Ghana
GI - Gibraltar	GL - Greenland	GM - Gambia
GN - Guinea	GP - Guadeloupe	GQ - Equatorial Guinea
GR - Greece	GS - South Georgia	GT - Guatemala
GU - Guam	GW - Guinea Bissau	GY - Guyana
HK - Hong Kong	HM - Heard	HN - Honduras
HR - Croatia	HT - Haiti	HU - Hungary
ID - Indonesia	IE - Ireland	IL - Israel
IM - Isle of Man	IN - India	IO - British Indian Ocean
IQ - Iraq	IR - Iran	IS - Iceland
IT - Italy	JE - Jersey	JM - Jamaica
JO - Jordan	JP - Japan	KE - Kenya
KG - Kyrgyzstan	KH - Cambodia	KI - Kiribati
KM - Comoros	KN - St. Kitts and nevis	KP - Korea, North
KR - Korea, South	KW - Kuwait	KY - Cayman Islands
KZ - Kazakhstan	LA - Laos	LB - Lebanon
LC - St. Lucia	LI - Liechtenstein	LK - Sri Lanka
LR - Liberia	LS - Lesotho	LT - Lithuania
LU - Luxembourg	LV - Latvia	LY - Libya
MA - Morocco	MC - Monaco	MD - Moldova
MG - Madagascar	MH - Marshall Isl.	MK - Macedonia
ML - Mali	MM - Myanmar	MN - Mongolia
MO - Macao	MP - North Mariana I.	MQ - Martinique
MR - Mauritania	MS - Montserrat	MT - Malta
MU - Mauritius	MV - Maldives	MW - Malawi
MX - Mexico	MY - Malaysia	MZ - Mozambique
NA - Namibia	NC - New Caledonia	NE - Niger
NF - Norfolk Island	NG - Nigeria	NI - Nicaragua
NL - Netherlands	NO - Norway	NO - St. Pierre-miquelon
NP - Nepal	NR - Nauru	NU - Niue
NZ - New Zealand	OM - Oman	PA - Panama
PE - Peru	PF - French Polynesia	PG - Papua New Guinea
PH - Philippines	PK - Pakistan	PL - Poland
PN - Pitcairn	PR - Puerto Rico	PT - Portugal
PW - Palau	PY - Paraguay	QA - Qatar
RE - Reunion	RO - Romania	RU - Russia
RW - Rwanda	SA - Saudi Arabia	SB - Solomon Islands
SC - Seychelles	SD - Sudan	SE - Sweden
SG - Singapore	SH - St. Helena	SI - Slovenia
SJ - Svalbard	SK - Slovakia	SL - Sierra Leone
SM - San Marino	SN - Senegal	SO - Somalia
SR - Suriname	ST - Sao Tome-Principe	SV - El Salvador
SY - Syria	SZ - Swaziland	TC - Turk-Caicos I.
TD - Chad	TF - French South T.	TG - Togo
TH - Thailand	TJ - Tajikistan	TK - Tokelau
TM - Turkmenistan	TN - Tunisia	TO - Tonga
TP - East Timor	TR - Turkey	TT - Trinidad-Tobago
TV - Tuvalu	TW - Taiwan	TZ - Tanzania
UA - Ukraine	UG - Uganda	UK - United Kingdom
UM - Minor Outlying I.	US - United States	UY - Uruguay
UZ - Uzbekistan	VA - Vatican	VC - St. Vincent-Grenadines
VE - Venezeula	VG - Virgin Islands (BR)	VI - Virgin Islands (US)
VN - Vietnam	VU - Vanuatu	WF - Wallis and Futuna I.
WS - Samoa	YE - Yemen	YT - Mayotte
YU - Yugoslavia	ZA - South Africa	ZM - Zambia
ZR - Zaire

As you can see, among domains general purpose there are those that are available for registration to any user (COM, NET, ORG, INFO, BIZ, NAME, etc.), and those that are available only to organizations corresponding to the status of the domain zone (these are INT domains that are allocated for international organizations, EDU for US higher education institutions, GOV for US government agencies, etc.).

National (geographic) domains Are two-letter first-level domains that are assigned by the international organization Internet Assigned Numbers Authority in agreement with the Internet communities of countries in accordance with the codes of these countries. Currently, there are about 243 national domains in the world, including RU, SU, UA, DE, US, UK, JP and others.

Domain.RU is the national domain of the Russian Federation. If your site will be visited mainly by people from Russia or your company operates in Russia, then a domain in the .RU zone is ideal for your site address (besides, it is one of the cheapest). Also, there is an opinion that sites on .RU domains are more willingly indexed by Yandex.

When adding a word before the first-level domain, we get second level domain(for example, a website). If you add one more keyword, you get third level domain(for example, news.yandex.ru), which is also called sub-domain... Subdomains are often used to host different sections of one site on them, or to publish a site in another language. Search engines consider subdomains to be different sites (if they are not mirrors of the main site). Also, subdomains are used as free gift domains on hosting. According to the same principle, fourth level domains, but, on the Internet, they are extremely rare, which, in general, is correct, because their names are difficult to remember.

All domains are registered for physical, or entity. Domain owner information displayed in whois (from who is - "who?"). Whois service is provided, for example, by this site www.networksolutions.com/whois/. The information displays the name of the owner, his contact information, the hosting on which this site is assigned, the date of registration. Optionally, some registrars can hide the registration information about the owner, leaving only the contact e-mail and hosting address. This is done by the private person service.

Choosing a domain for your site, or a company site is not as easy as it seems at first glance. The domain must contain a certain word (or phrase), reflect either the name of the company, or the direction of its activities. It should be easily perceived by ear (suddenly you have to dictate it over the phone), be remembered and associated with your company. It is also desirable that, not knowing the site address, but using his intuition, the user can enter the domain correctly (for example, classmates).

The difficulty is that millions of domains have already been registered, and finding a suitable one is sometimes extremely difficult. At the same time, not all domains are registered for direct use, many are registered for stock, for future resale (cybersquatting), or for making money on domain parking.

For serious projects, it is recommended to register 2nd level domains at once in all popular international zones and in all spellings. This is done for 2 reasons: perhaps the user will confuse the zone, or make a mistake in the name, but still get to your site, and this will prevent the possibility of blackmail by cybersquatters.

Oddly enough, but the cheapest is the most popular domain.ru. For example, you can buy it only for 99r per year!

In general, a domain is an integral part of the Internet, a source of income and the first stage in creating a website.

United Arab Emirates
.AF - Afghanistan
.AG- Antigua and Barbuda (Antigua and Barbuda)
.AI - Anguilla
.AL - Albania
.AM- Armenia (Armenia)
.AN - Netherlands Antilles
.AO - Angola (Angola)
.AQ - Antarctica (Antarctica)
.AR - Argentina (Argentina)
.AS - American Samoa
.AT- Austria (Austria)
.AU- Australia (Australia)
.AW - Aruba
.AX - Aland Islands
.AZ- Azerbaijan (Azerbaijan)
.BA - Bosnia and Herzegovina (Bosnia and Herzegovina)
.BB - Barbados
.BD - Bangladesh (Bangladesh)
.BE- Belgium (Belgium)
.BF - Burkina Faso (Burkina Faso)
.BG - Bulgaria
.BH - Bahrain (Bahrain)
.BI - Burundi
.BJ - Benin
.BM - Bermuda
.BN - Brunei Darussalam (Brunei)
.BO - Bolivia (Bolivia)
.BR - Brazil
.BS - Bahamas (Bahamas)
.BT - Bhutan (Bhutan)
.BV - Bouvet Island
.BW - Botswana Botswana
.BY- Belarus (Belarus)
.BZ - Belize (Belize)
.CA- Canada (Canada)
.CC- Cocos (Keeling) Islands
.CD - Congo (Congo)
.CF - Central African Republic
.CG - Congo (Congo)
.CH- Switzerland (Switzerland)
.CI - Cote d "Ivoire"
.CK - Cook Islands
.CL - Chile (Chile)
.CM - Cameroon
.CN- China (China)
.CO - Colombia (Colombia)
.CR - Costa Rica (Costa Rica)
.CS - Serbia and Montenegro (Serbia and Montenegro)
.CU - Cuba
.CV - Cape Verde (Cape Verde)
.CX - Christmas Island
.CY- Cyprus (Cyprus)
.CZ- Czech Republic (Czech Republic)
.DE- Germany (Germany)
.Dj- Djibouti (Djibouti)
.DK- Denmark (Denmark)
.DM - Dominica
.DO - Dominican Republic (Dominican Republic)
.DZ - Algeria
.EC - Ecuador (Ecuador)
.EE- Estonia (Estonia)
.EG- Egypt (Egypt)
.EH - Western Sahara
.ER - Eritrea
.ES- Spain (Spain)
.ET - Ethiopia (Ethiopia)
.EU- European Union
.FI- Finland (Finland)
.FJ - Fiji
.FK - Falkland Islands
.FM- Micronesia (Micronesia)
.FO - Faroe Islands
.FR- France (France)
.GA - Gabon (Gabon)
.GB - United Kingdom
.GD - Grenada (Grenada)
.GE- Georgia (Georgia)
.GF - French Guiana
.GG - Guernsey (Guernsey Island)
.GH - Ghana (Ghana)
.GI - Gibraltar (Gibraltar)
.GL - Greenland
.GM - Gambia
.GN - Guinea
.GP - Guadeloupe
.GQ - Equatorial Guinea
.GR- Greece (Greece)
.GS - South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
.GT - Guatemala (Guatemala)
.GU - Guam
.GW - Guinea-Bissau
.GY - Guyana
.HK - Hong Kong
.HM - Heard and McDonald Islands
.HN - Honduras (Honduras)
.HR - Croatia / Hrvatska (Croatia)
.HT - Haiti
.HU - Hungary (Hungary)
.ID - Indonesia (Indonesia)
.IE- Ireland (Ireland)
.IL- Israel (Israel)
.IM - Isle of Man
.IN- India (India)
.IO- British Indian Ocean Territory
.IQ - Iraq
.IR - Iran (Iran)
.IS - Iceland
.IT- Italy (Italy)
.JE - Jersey
.JM - Jamaica (Jamaica)
.JO - Jordan
.JP- Japan (Japan)
.KE - Kenya (Kenya)
.KG- Kyrgyzstan (Kyrgyzstan)
.KH - Cambodia (Cambodia)
.KI - Kiribati (Kiribati)
.KM - Comoros (Comoros)
.KN - Saint Kitts and Nevis
.KP - Korea (North Korea)
.KR - Korea (South Korea)
.KW - Kuwait (Kuwait)
.KY - Cayman Islands
.KZ- Kazakhstan (Kazakhstan)
.LA- Laos (Laos)
.LB - Lebanon (Lebanon)
.LC - Saint Lucia
.LI - Liechtenstein
.LK - Sri Lanka (Sri Lanka)
.LR - Liberia
.LS - Lesotho (Lesotho)
.LT- Lithuania (Lithuania)
.LU - Luxembourg (Luxembourg)
.LV- Latvia (Latvia)
.LY - Libya (Libya)
.MA - Morocco (Morocco)
.MC - Monaco (Monaco)
.MD- Moldova (Moldova)
.MG - Madagascar (Madagascar)
.MH - Marshall Islands
.MK - Macedonia (Macedonia)
.ML - Mali (Mali)
.MM - Myanmar (Myanmar)
.MN - Mongolia (Mongolia)
.MO - Macau
.MP - Northern Mariana Islands
.MQ - Martinique
.MR - Mauritania
.MS - Montserrat
.MT - Malta (Malta)
.MU - Mauritius (Mauritius)
.MV - Maldives
.MW - Malawi (Malawi)
.MX - Mexico
.MY- Malaysia (Malaysia)
.MZ - Mozambique (Mozambique)
.NA - Namibia (Namibia)
.NC - New Caledonia
.NE - Niger
.NF - Norfolk Island
.NG - Nigeria
.NI - Nicaragua (Nicaragua)
.NL - Netherlands
.NO- Norway (Norway)
.NP - Nepal
.NR - Nauru
.NU- Niue (Niue)
.NZ - New Zealand
.OM - Oman (Oman)
.PA - Panama
.PE - Peru (Peru)
.PF - French Polynesia
.PG - Papua New Guinea
.PH - Philippines
.PK - Pakistan
.PL- Poland (Poland)
.PM - Saint Pierre and Miquelon
.PN - Pitcairn Island
.PR - Puerto Rico (Puerto Rico)
.PS - Palestine
.PT- Portugal (Portugal)
.PW - Palau
.PY - Paraguay (Paraguay)
.QA - Qatar (Qatar)
.RE - Reunion Island
.RO- Romania (Romania)
.RU- Russian Federation (Russia)
.RW - Rwanda (Rwanda)
.SA - Saudi Arabia
.SB - Solomon Islands
.SC - Seychelles
.SD - Sudan
.SE- Sweden (Sweden)
.SG- Singapore (Singapore)
.SH- Saint Helena (St. Helena Island)
.SI - Slovenia (Slovenia)
.SJ - Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands
.SK - Slovakia (Slovakia)
.SL - Sierra Leone
.SM - San Marino
.SN - Senegal (Senegal)
.SO - Somalia
.SR - Suriname (Suriname)
.ST - Sao Tome and Principe
.SU- Soviet Union (USSR)
.SV - El Salvador (El Salvador)
.SY - Syria
.SZ - Swaziland (Swaziland)
.TC - Turks and Caicos Islands
.TD - Chad
.TF - French Southern Territories
.TG - Togo
.TH- Thailand (Thailand)
.TJ- Tajikistan (Tajikistan)
.TK- Tokelau (Tokelau)
.TL - Timor-Leste
.TM- Turkmenistan (Turkmenistan)
.TN - Tunisia
.TO - Tonga (Tonga)
.TP - East Timor
.TR- Turkey (Turkey)
.TT - Trinidad and Tobago
.TV- Tuvalu (Tuvalu)
.TW- Taiwan (Taiwan)
.TZ - Tanzania
.UA- Ukraine (Ukraine)
.UG - Uganda (Uganda)
.UK- United Kingdom
.UM - United States Minor Outlying Islands
.US- United States (USA)
.UY - Uruguay
.UZ- Uzbekistan (Uzbekistan)
.VA - Holy See, Vatican
.VC - Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
.VE Venezuela Venezuela
.VG - Virgin Islands, British
.VI - Virgin Islands, U.S. (US Virgin Islands)
.VN - Vietnam
.VU - Vanuatu (Vanuatu)
.WF - Wallis and Futuna Islands
.WS- Western Samoa (Western Samoa)
.YE - Yemen
.YT - Mayotte
.YU - Yugoslavia (Yugoslavia)
.ZA- South Africa (South Africa)
.ZM - Zambia (Zambia)
.ZW - Zimbabwe (Zimbabwe)

A domain is a region of the hierarchical namespace of the Internet that is designated by a unique domain name, maintained by a set of Domain Name System (DNS) servers, and administered centrally by a Domain Administrator. There is a single Administrator for each registered domain name.

National domains

National domains (country code Top Level Domains - ccTLDs) - top-level domains are assigned by the international organization IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority) in agreement with the Internet communities of countries in accordance with the codes of countries and territories according to the international standard ISO 3166-1.

• The following domains can be registered through the .masterhost company in the national zones: .ru, .рф, .fo, etc.
• Top Level Domains .ru .рф are the domain of the Russian Federation.
• Domain names in zones .ru .рф .su are registered for a period of 1 year.
• Domains in zones .cc, .tv .fo etc. You can register for a period from 1 to 10 years.

Common domains

All top-level domains can be roughly divided into two large parts. The first is public domains ( generic TLD or gTLD) and new top-level domains (New gTLDs) - thematic domain zones that ushered in a new era of the Internet.

Generic domains include .COM, .NET, .ORG, .RUS, etc.

New domains submitted by ICANN under the New gTLD program include, for example, domain zones such as SITE, .ONLINE, .OOO, .FUN, .LTD and many others. Unlike generic top-level domains, most of the interesting options are not taken yet and are available for registration!

• You can register public domains through the company.masterhost
  in more than 260 domain zones: .com, .net, .org, .site, .online, .email, .cam other.
• You can register domains in international zones for a period of 1 to 10 years.

Premium domains

Premium segment domains exist in various domain zones (.COM, .NET, .RUS, .OOO and others).
Premium domains sound great and are memorable. For example, most two-character domains are premium. In addition, premium domains often consist of used, bright and euphonious words.

The list of domains with premium status is determined by the domain name zone registry independently. The cost of registering and renewing premium domains may differ from the standard domain cost. As a general rule, special prices and promotions for registration and renewal of domain names do not apply to premium domain names.

Multilingual domains (IDN)

Multilingual domain names are names represented by symbols of national alphabets in combination with a domain zone in the Latin alphabet.

The DNS system works only with Latin characters, so direct registration of such names in the Registry is impossible.

However, there is another way: the site address from the characters of the national alphabets, entered in address bar browser, is converted at the expense of the resources of the program itself into a set of Latin characters, which is acceptable for registration in the Registry.

Today, all modern browsers perform this transformation. For example, mydomain.su is not a domain name per se. This is the IDN or Latin representation for a traditional domain xn--d1acklchcc.su, which is obtained by recoding using a special PUNYCODE algorithm.

Multilingual domain registration is available in many country and international zones
(for example, in zones, COM, .NET, .LTD, .SPACE, etc.).

In the .SU domain, it is possible to register domain names, not only Cyrillic domain names, but also those consisting of Greek, Cyrillic, Armenian, Arabic, Georgian alphabets and Hebrew characters.

• In the .RUS and.RF zones, you can register a domain only for a Cyrillic domain.

Industry domains

Industry domains are intended for registration of third-level domain names, taking into account industry, departmental and other similar specifics. Registration of industry domains is done by masterhost through partner registrars.

Industry domains include:

• .net.ru - for organizations implementing projects related to the development of the Internet;
• .org.ru - for non-profit organizations;
• .pp.ru - for individuals;
• .com.ru - for commercial organizations.

Geographic domains

Geographic domain names are the existing designations of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

• Registration of industry domains is done by masterhost through partner registrars.
• Registration is valid for one year.

Territorial domains

Within the framework of generic domains, there are so-called sponsored domain zones (sTLD).

They are supported by funds that are allocated by representatives of the Internet community, the most interested in their existence.

At the same time, inside gTLD and ccTLD domains can be divided into a number of zones that have been delegated to certain territories or regions. Given their specificity, it makes sense to combine them into a special group of so-called “territorial domains”.

The main territorial domains include:

.eu - country code top-level domain for the European Union. In order to register a domain in the .EU zone, you must be a resident of the European Union or have a permanent representative on its territory.

.su- was originally delegated to the USSR. However, a geopolitical space has survived, in which economic and political ties are still extremely strong. Therefore, it was decided to position the .SU domain as a common space for the Russian language on the Internet.

Domains in zones .eu and .su are registered for a period of 1 year.

Domain registration rules in the .RU zone

• the fully qualified domain name must end with “.RU” characters;
• the preceding part of the domain name must contain from 2 to 63 characters, begin and end with a letter of the Latin alphabet or a number;
• intermediate characters in a domain name can be letters of the Latin alphabet, numbers or a hyphen;
• the domain name cannot contain hyphens at the same time in the 3rd and the positions;

Domain registration rules in the .РФ zone

• full domain name must end with ".РФ" characters;
• the preceding part of the domain name must contain such a number of characters that the representation of the designation in the Punycode encoding contains from 2 to 63 characters, beginning and ending with a Cyrillic letter or a number;
• a Cyrillic domain name can consist of letters of the Cyrillic alphabet, numbers from zero (0) to nine (9) and the hyphen (-) character;
• allowed letters are letters of the Russian alphabet, including the letter "ё"; uppercase and lowercase letters do not differ;
• to delegate a domain name, you need to go through mobile authorization by specifying the code received via SMS in the control panel. Without this action, the domain will be registered, but it will remain in the not delegated status.

RULES FOR REGISTRATION OF INTERNATIONAL, COUNTRY AND SPONSORED DOMAINS

• Fully qualified domain name must end with characters corresponding to the domain zone.
• The preceding part of the domain name must contain:
  1. in .PW, .RUS domains - from 3 to 63 characters;
  2. in other international domains - from 2 to 63 characters;
• Intermediate characters in a domain name can be letters of the Latin alphabet, numbers or a hyphen.
• The domain name cannot begin or end with a hyphen.

Rules for registering domains using national language characters

• The domain name can be composed of letters of the national alphabet, numbers and hyphens.
• Intermediate characters can be letters of the national alphabet, numbers or a hyphen.
• The maximum length of a domain name in Punycode cannot exceed 63 characters.

ICANN website: https://www.icann.org/

Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP): https://www.icann.org/resources/pages/udrp-2012-02-25-ru

Registry Operators:

• ANO Coordination Center for .RU / .РФ domains: https://cctld.ru/
• Internet Development Fund: www.fid.su
• VeriSign Inc: .COM, .NET domains https://www.verisign.com/
• Public Interest Registry: .ORG domain: https://pir.org/policies/
• LLC "Russian Names": domain.RUS: http://rusnames.ru/rules.pl
• Donuts Inc. https://donuts.domains/about/policies/
• CentralNic Ltd. https://www.centralnic.com/support/terms
• Radix TLDs. https://radix.website/policies/

Buying and choosing the right domain name is the first step in creating and developing any website. We have collected detailed information so that you can sort out this issue without any problems.

Domain names: differences by country or industry

Domains are divided into several groups:

• National domains
• Common domains
• Multilingual domains (IDN)
• Industry domains
• Geographic domains
• Territorial domains

Each of these groups has its own characteristics, which we will now consider in detail.

National domains allocated to most countries by ICANN. The domain name must strictly correspond to the two-letter country code from the ISO 3166 standard (for example, domain.RU).

They were created specifically for the convenience of residents of countries, therefore, most often registrars allow registering them only to those living in a particular state. But there are also exceptions.

V this moment 252 country code first-level domains have been declared.

Common domains- top-level domains without restrictions, i.e. any natural or legal person can register them and for any purpose. The most famous: .COM, .NET, .ORG, .INFO, .BIZ, .PRO, .MOBI, .NAME.

Domains for organizations or institutions .EDU, .GOV, .INT, and .MIL also belong to this group.

Multilingual domains use the national alphabet of the country to form the domain name. With the help of recoding through the PUNYCODE algorithm, such names are converted to a set of Latin characters and are perceived by the DNS systems and others.

Since 2010, it has become possible to register domains in the zone of the Russian Federation, this can be done only residents of the Russian Federation. In addition, the name must contain from 2 to 63 characters and include only the letters of the Russian alphabet, numbers and some symbols. Changing the administrator is prohibited within a year after the purchase of such a domain.

For example, the site newgodclose.рф will be displayed as xn-90abdeqfdngoldg6o.xn-p1ai. At the moment, absolutely all browsers cope with such a conversion without problems.

Industry domains. Their main purpose is to link to organizations of certain industries and departments. These include the third-level domains: .net.ru, .org.ru, .com.ru.

Geographic domains or geodomains - domains corresponding to the names of countries, cities or regions. Typical examples: .msk.ru, .irk.ru.

Territorial domains are part of generic domains and exist only thanks to the Internet communities. Top-level domains include.eu, created specifically for the European Union, and .su, which was originally tied to the USSR, but now represents the space of the Russian language on the Internet.

Domain registration in Latin

Fundamental rules:

• The first and last character in a domain name cannot be a hyphen.
• The beginning and end of the name can contain only a letter of the Latin alphabet or a number.
• Words that contradict the interests of society or moral principles (obscene words, insult to religious feelings) cannot be present.
• Domain registration is possible for a period from 1 to 10 years.

Domain registration in Cyrillic.RF

Fundamental rules:

• The minimum length of such a domain is 2 characters, the maximum is 63.
• The beginning and end of the name must contain only Cyrillic letters or numbers.
• It is allowed to use hyphens and the letter ё as characters from the UTF-8 encoding.

General questions about working with domains

Can I transfer a purchased domain to another hosting?

When buying a domain from one registrar, you can always transfer it to another registrar. To do this, two conditions must be met: at least 60 days must elapse from the date of registration and the domain must not be subject to legal action.

How long does it take to register a new domain?

As a rule, the domain registration process takes no more than 10-15 minutes. Another thing is the period of renewal of registration data and NS domain. It takes up to 48 hours: it all depends on the registrar's database.

How long can I own a domain?

You can keep your domain name for an unlimited amount of time, remembering to renew it after the expiration date. You can purchase a domain in advance, and place a site on it later, for example, in a year or two.

What to do if domain registration has expired?

If the domain registration period has expired, and you missed this moment, nothing bad will happen to the site. All registrars have a special "stub" for such a case, which will be shown instead of the site.

If you see such a message, run to the domain control panel to pay for it. You can also check the box "Automatic domain renewal" so that such a situation does not arise, and the site is not idle.

I made a mistake in my domain name, what should I do?

If during the registration of a domain you made a mistake in its name, most likely you will not be able to get the money back. If so, you should carefully read the registrar's policies related to this issue.

How do I delegate a domain?

To delegate a domain, you need to specify the NS addresses of the new registrar in its settings. After updating DNS records (the process takes from 30 minutes to 72 hours), the site will go under the control of the registrar whose data you specified.

Domain purchased, what's the next step?

After purchasing a domain name, you need to choose a hosting that will host the site and the CMS for it. On many hosting sites, the engine for the site is installed directly from the control panel.

And if you have already registered your first website, but do not know how to bring it to a decent look, we recommend that you contact our layout specialists. They will help you decide on the design and functionality of the future resource.