What Is A Domain Name? Clarification For Beginners. What is a domain and why is it needed, we will explain in simple words What is a domain

Many of the users are faced with the question of what domain names are.

They become especially relevant when users decide to create their own website.

Then different terms and definitions appear, in which it is necessary to navigate in order to understand the complete structure of the Internet space and the location of the created site in it.

Getting down to business right away, we can say that a domain is the name of a site. It hides its ip address, which allows you to simply enter the name "primer.ru", and not the address of such a site - "102.104.105.0".

This is quite convenient, but if you go into details, many questions arise that will be covered later in the article.

What does domain name mean

As noted, the domain is the name of the site. The user is provided with a set of Latin letters, which he can name his resource.

It is this name to the first dot that will designate the address of his portal.

However, there are also difficulties associated with the fact that such names are already taken, then you have to change the values and select something that is not yet reserved on a specific hosting or domain.

Note! Domain and Domain name they are synonyms and have the same lexical meaning, regardless of which one is used.

The domain name is tied to a specific address on the network. It has the form 000.000.000.0. When switching to another server, the redirection remains.

This means that the technology makes it possible to use one site name, even if it will be constantly transferred to different domains.

It is to preserve the unique name of the site that the domain name technology was developed.

It allows you to assign the name of the portal to a specific person and transfer it to various servers without losing the root ip address.

How the domain works

For the concept of a domain device, you need to consider it from the very beginning with an example.

In order to make your site address unique, the developer must designate it.

To do this, he creates a non-web use of the name. Let it be called "primer".

After that, you need to attach or bind a domain zone to the site name.

It will show in which territory the designated developer site is located.

In its final form, it will be called “primer.ru”.

Receives that during registration the site "primer" received a domain name of the category ".ru".

There are 2 main rules when recording a domain name:

The zones that are included in the full site address are listed sspaov to the left in the hierarchy.
To separate the levels of domains, only dots are always placed between them.

If the site address "net.blog.primer.ru" is used, it will be considered in the following way:

net- domain of the fourth level;
blog- domain of the third level, which includes the domain of the fourth level net;
primer- second level domain, which includes domains of 3 and 4 levels;
ru- the domain of the first level, which includes all the levels described above.

The first level in the hierarchy is always the last after the dot separator.

Table of first-level domains designated for public use

Considering the domain levels, it should be noted that they are international.

However, depending on their location, there are laws, restrictions or rules in force in a specific territory of the state.

The first level domains are the highest in this chain of addresses.

There are geographically defined addresses, which refer to the designation of the country where these domains are used.

An example of such top-level domain zones can be:

ru - RF.
br - Brazil.
cn - China.

In addition to geographically defined domain names, first-level domains that have an international public purpose are of particular polarity.

All available addresses will be listed in the table:

Domain name	Its public purpose
com	commerce
net	Network and network settings
org	Non-profit organizations
info	Information portals
biz	Business
name	Private portals using owner names as designations
aero	Aviation and services provided by it
arpa	Internet infrastructure
edu	Educational system (mainly USA)
int	International companies
gov	Government
mil	Military structures
coop	Service organizations and cooperatives
museum	Museums and persons involved in them
mobi	For mobile devices
pro	Specialists from various industries
tel	Automatic contact page generators
travel	Travel, tourism, resorts
xxx	Adult film industry

What are the domain levels

Analyzing the hierarchy of domains, you should clarify their specific purpose.

From the previous section, it can be seen that first-level domains have either a specific public purpose or geographic location. It is from them that the name begins to be built.

Everything that comes after them increases the number of subdomains, thereby increasing the number of domain levels.

This was clearly seen above using the example of the full address "net.blog.primer.ru", where reading from right to left will increase the hierarchy of the marked zone.

Specialists distinguish 3 main zones:

Root.
Second level.
First level.

Each row can include an additional number of domain names. At the same time, they will compose and divide according to the rules through a dot.

Note! Domains can be 3-4 levels. They are subdomains and are not part of the global network.

Root

It is also defined as zero. Its purpose is to separate other levels of domains.

In other words, all address records must end with a dot at the end.

It turns out that the systems were previously used when introducing domain levels of the following type “primer.ru.”.

Now the last null domain is omitted, and today the address records have acquired the following form "primer.ru", where the dot at the end after the first-level domain is no longer put.

It is also worth noting that the recently appeared relative to the entire domain system and national domains.

They use the designation not in Latin, but in the language of a particular country.

In Russia, you can now register the site address "primer.rf". The use of national alphabets also makes it possible to simplify the circulation of domains and specific fixed addresses to them. However, all national sites also have an unreadable address hidden behind the one written in the official language.

Second level

This is the space left to indicate your own name for your site. It is it that is the second level domains.

It turns out that the creator of the portal registers exactly the address on the network, and not just the name. It should be noted that the prices for such portals differ during registration.

If you register a domain in the ".ru" zone, it will be much cheaper than the same one, but in the ".com" zone.

Basically, to register such a name on the network, there are special companies engaged in the design of the names of site addresses.

The price depends on the choice on which the site of the first level will be located the required resource.

There are also rental systems that make it possible to use a second-level domain name on a monthly basis. However, in case of non-payment of the lease, the site will be disconnected from the network and immediately disappear from the search engine.

First level

It is from this level that the name of each site begins. This can be misleading as the site is usually read from left to right.

However, to be precise in the mandatory rule of address design, the first-level domain (with the exception of the root-level domain, which is not counted and is zero) always comes first, and then in descending order.

In each country, such addresses have a main "top" level and indicate the name of their country in the abbreviation.

It is interesting! First level domain name "su ", was originally assigned to the Soviet Union. It contains a large array of information from the late 1980s to the mid-2000s.

Other levels

It is also worth noting that there may be others after the second-level domain. They are worth highlighting separately. However, they have no global significance.

And they exist inside second-level domains. They are usually not registered or processed.

Users who own the site by purchasing a second-level domain "primer" in the form of a name can independently select the names of the third and fourth levels.

They themselves at their address allocate subspaces necessary to select one more address from the already registered one.

In other words, 3-4 level domains exist at the expense of a second-level domain and are its subtypes, which the site owner himself can select independently.

Such sublevel numbers cannot exist without an officially registered name, portal, which is a second-level domain.

Buying and registering a domain name

The situation with buying a domain name has a number of peculiarities. This primarily concerns jurisdiction and legislation.

There was a known situation with the creators of torrent sites, who were initially present at the first level domain name ".ru".

However, after the tightening of Russian legislation, the relation of copyright to the resource began to be blocked. Therefore, in order to avoid blocking, the developers had to transfer their resource to the ".org" domain, which has an international level.

Each country has an official second-level domain name registrar. They are authorized and licensed to carry out such activities.

It is from them that you need to purchase and register the name of the site.

In addition, the official registrars have representatives, in the form of partner companies, who also deal with the registration of domain names as an official registrar.

If a partner or representative has violated the terms of the contract, you must immediately contact the official registrar.

Service prices will vary... Typically, reps offer to register a second-level domain name with a monthly fee.

Official registrars set the rules for registration with payment of a domain name immediately for 1 year.

Note! If the payment is overdue, it will be impossible to access the site. Depending on the registrar, a contractual deadline is given for the renewal of payments. If it is missed, the domain name will become free and another person can register it.

Checking a second-level domain for availability

There are now over half a billion second-level domains on the Internet.

With the development of Internet technologies and the transfer of business to the virtual space, domain names as names for sites began to have a high price.

Large corporations are willing to pay millions of dollars for a beautiful name for their website.

Many enterprising developers more than 10 years ago began to register sites with beautiful URLs. And a few years ago, such investments began to be justified.

Now the price for a second level domain with nice name costs tens of thousands of dollars, and the rent of such a number usually does not exceed $ 100-1500 per year.

Therefore, when creating a site, you should pay attention to its name, as a second-level domain address, because this name can already be acquired by a thoughtful investor, for its further resale several times more expensive.

View information about the current user of a specific domain name

To check the availability of a domain, just contact the official registrars. They provide all the information you need for a specific resource.

On official page such institutions have a search bar.

By entering the name of a second-level domain there, you can check its availability in various zones. It should be noted that all registrars have a common database.

Therefore, you can ask for help in finding any of them, regardless of geographic location.

After the domain of interest is officially acquired and an agreement has been concluded with the registrar for the right to use it within a specified period of time, you will need to configure it and link different hosting services.

For this, there is a special administrative panel that allows you to edit the domain, connect various services to it.

It is through such a panel that users can select domains of the 3rd and 4th levels from the received address.

View history and purchase vacated names

According to the established international rules, registrars provide information about the owners of second-level domains free of charge and openly.

That is, anyone who wants to go to the official website of the registrar in section "Whois", maybe, by specifying the address of a specific site, get all the information about the person who registered it.

However, services are now also provided to conceal such registration information about the owner of the resource.

Various official services offer this service both for a fee and for free. It is also possible to change the data to fictitious.

According to the rules for registering a second-level domain, when concluding an agreement with an official registrar, you must indicate your personal and contact information.

The site address is tied specifically to a specific individual or legal entity with whom the contract is concluded.

Many owners of popular online resources advise using the services of hiding information or substituting it.

This is due to the fact that there are in the network and those who want to take possession of information or money. The user's personal data greatly simplifies the hacking of the service.

Output

Based on the materials of the article, we can conclude that the domain is one of the most important components of the address of any site on the Internet.

Without the assigned names, it will be impossible to go to the resource using the browser. Many developers pay great attention to the issue of domain selection.

This is explained by the fact that a lot depends on the name of the portal, as well as on its location.

If it is unreadable and not laconic, as well as located, in the little-known zones of the first level, the number of visitors to the resource will be minimal.

DOMAIN (on the Internet) DOMAIN (on the Internet)

DOMAIN (from the French domaine - area), a certain zone on the Internet (cm. THE INTERNET) allocated to its owner (any country, international organization, region, legal or to an individual) to provide access to information posted by its owner. Each domain corresponds to the address of the server on which a specific site is located (cm. SITE)... A domain is assigned a unique domain (symbolic) name. The fully qualified domain name consists of the names of all domains to which it belongs, separated by periods.
The entire space of the Internet is divided into domains, organized in a hierarchical manner. Domain levels are the number of addresses separated by periods. First-level domains include: RU, US, etc. (country code domains), COM (commercial organizations), ORG (non-profit organizations), NET (network services), EDU (educational institutions), GOV (US government agencies), INT (international organizations), MIL (military organizations), etc. etc. The first-level domain is registered and maintained by the Internet Corporation For Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN - icann.org). Second-level domains are managed by companies accredited by ICANN for domain registration in dedicated zones. Domains.ru was originally registered by the Russian Research Institute for the Development of Public Networks (ROSNIIROS) in 1994, later its powers were transferred to RU-Center (www.nic.ru). Third-level domains are registered by companies that own the corresponding second-level domain. Free domains of the third level are provided by: www.km.ru, www.chat.ru, www.narod.ru, www.nmg.ru, etc.

encyclopedic Dictionary. 2009 .

See what "DOMAIN (on the Internet)" is in other dictionaries:

The top level domain TLD in the hierarchy of the domain name system (DNS) is the most high level after the root domain. It is the starting point of reference (from right to left), from ... ... Wikipedia

- [fr. domaine Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language

D.v.u. are the starting points at which Internet domain names begin. Since each Internet domain name consists of several parts, separated by periods and written in reverse order, the top-level domain ... ... Business glossary

DOMAIN- (1) microscopic area inside some crystals of chemically homogeneous substances, which differs from adjacent or physical. properties, or the degree of ordering of particles in them; (2) D. magnetic element of a ferromagnetic medium with a variable ... ... Big Polytechnic Encyclopedia

Contents 1 Country top-level domains 2 Domains belonging to a group of countries ... Wikipedia

Domain- is the largest structural unit of the Internet. Usually a domain is a country or some other large structure. Domains can be categorized into subdomains, reflecting different areas of interest or responsibility. Organize groups of computers on the Internet with ... Encyclopedic Dictionary of Media

- (English country code Top Level Domain (ccTLD)) top-level domain allocated for a specific country, for example.ru / .рф for Russia, .ua for Ukraine, .de for Germany, .it for Italy. Contents 1 Recommendations ... Wikipedia

GTLD (generic Top Level Domain) is a top-level domain created for a specific class of organizations or communities. Contents 1 History 2 Classification ... Wikipedia

- [terne], but; m. [eng. Internet from international net international network] [with capital letter] World computer network(information communication system that unites many computers around the world). * * * Internet (from lat. Inter between and ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

Books

Networks / Network World # 06/2010, Open Systems. In this issue: Great protection for small companies There is a strong opinion that problems with providing information security are the lot of large companies that operate ... eBook
Daniil Somov visiting “Take it and do it”, Andrey Sharkov. Daniil Somov, Retailer Publishing House, is a guest at "Take and Do". Daniel and his partner created a portal with a turnover of over $ 1 million. About how he succeeded and more about ...

Domain is a hierarchical name for a site.

The domain can be compared to the address of residence. To understand where a person lives, you need to know the city, street, house and apartment number. So it is with the site. To enter, you need to know his address.

Domains were designed to give a face to a site's IP address. After all, remembering addresses like 146.264.74.01 is simply impossible.

Consists of letters, numbers and hyphens. Its length can be from 2 to 63 characters.

Domain zones and their types

These are addresses included in a specific zone. Domain zones can be of two types:
National Zones define a country. For example, Russia - .ru, Ukraine - .ua, Germany - .de, USA - .us, etc.
Common areas are for everyone. For example:

.com - for commercial projects;
.org - for non-profit sites of various organizations;
.info - for all information projects;
.biz - only commercial organizations, .net - for projects related to the Internet;
.edu - for educational institutions and projects, .name - for personal sites, etc.

Website domain name conversion

The IP address is 123.123.123.123. It is used to identify computers on a network, to address data - to link computers together. Similar to how you save phone numbers, you can create a notebook or telephone directory for IP addresses. The role of the telephone directory on the Internet is performed by the domain name system. Without it, the functioning of the Internet would be impossible.

A DNS server is a program that translates a domain name into a numeric IP address and vice versa. In the memory of these servers are stored extensive tables in which each domain name is associated with an IP address. In order to better understand this, we will give an illustrative example:

DNS tells computers how to find each other over the Internet. When you type the address in your browser, your ISP checks it through the domain name server in order to know where to send your request: http://www.domain.ru ---> check in DNS ---> DNS reports the domain.ru address = 192.168.0.1 ---> You get the site content.

Let's say the client requested the address “www. Organization. town. country". Searching for information on a domain name is as follows: the client asks his server. If he belongs to this zone, he will answer where it all ends. It also asks for the root server. The other cannot answer because he does not know; but he knows that he is responsible for the "country" zone. The user of the "country" zone also cannot answer, but he knows to ask the server of the "city, country" zone. That, in turn, sends a request to the user of the zone “organization. town. country ”, which will provide the necessary information.

Understanding DNS servers can be quite important and useful for administering your project and troubleshooting DNS related issues that arise.

Domain levels

Domains are divided into names, and third level. Moreover, if you disassemble the composition, then the reading goes from right to left, as in the figure:

The top-level domain, marked with a dot. In common usage, it does not appear as part of a domain name.

First level domains

Responsible for the territorial affiliation of the domain, the affiliation of the domain to a particular country, or the type of organization. Top-level domains are divided into several groups:

Country Code Top Level Domains. Within the territory of Russian Federation such names include domain zones: .RU, .SU, .РФ. International top-level domains are such domain zones as: .com, .info, .biz, .name, .org.
New international top-level domains. These domain zones are thematically focused on various spheres of life and business, hobbies and everyday life, business and finance; sports and entertainment, style and beauty, professional activities.

Second level domains

This is a unique identifier for the site. An example of this level is going.ru. The first level registers the second level of the site address. It is the second level names that are common for commercial use.

Domains of the third level

This kind of domain is usually used to create mini-sites, or separate sections based on the main site, for example, a forum. You can create an unlimited number of such domains. Examples of third-level domains can be filanco.com.ua, datahouse.com.ru.

How to register a domain

Choose a domain zone and come up with a name.
Check if this domain name is available in the selected zone.
If it is free, then you can proceed to the procedure for registering an account on the server, if not already registered, and filling in the owner's data. Prepare to be required to enter passport data. It is worth specifying real data if you do not want to lose the domain later.
Top up your balance and pay for registration.
Follow the instructions of the service until the completion of the domain name registration process.

After registration, the domain will appear in the list on the control panel. The last step is to provide a list of DNS servers, after which the process begins. If you register a domain through a hosting provider, the registration will take place automatically. Check your mail - a letter with confirmation of registration may come to it. Check the details of the domain owner. They must match yours.

A domain will not be registered if it:

Contains more than 63 characters;
The title contains obscene language;
Contains less than two characters, for example, a.ru;
Contains characters other than Latin a… z, digits 0… 9, and a hyphen - except for zones where registration of domain names in national encodings is allowed;
Contains a double hyphen or hyphen at the beginning or end of the title.

Keep track of your balance and pay for hosting on time.

It would be terribly inconvenient if people addressed each other not by their first name, but by the number corresponding to their birthday or phone number. Therefore, if names did not exist, they would be worth inventing.

Each computer, when connected to the global Internet, is assigned its own unique number, called IP ADRESS.

Each web resource also has its own IP Address. The official website of Yandex has an IP Address 213.180.204.11 This number is difficult to remember, but if you write it in address bar, then the browser will open the Yandex. Domain Name of this site www.yandex.ru corresponding to IP-address 213.180.204.11.

The presence of a domain name, instead of a numeric equivalent, makes it possible to refer to a computer by a name that identifies the owner of the IP address. The domain name serves as a unique name on the Internet and is a simpler and, naturally, beautiful way of recording this address.

Domain Name is a unique identifier assigned to a specific IP address (there can be no two identical ones).

Domain Names are maintained and administered centrally by a set of DNS domain name servers. DNS (Domain Name Service) is a domain name service. Along with numeric addresses, DNS allows you to use your own computer names, the so-called Domain Names.

All information about Domain Names is stored in a central DNS database, which is several powerful computers scattered around the world. This database stores information about the registration date, the physical or legal owner of the Domain Name, as well as the path to the so-called name server - NAMESERVER, which contains the information that the Domain Name points to.

The single Internet directory that defines the basis of DNS is hosted by the government agency SRI International - Menlo Park, CA, US (Menlo Park, California, USA).

Domain Name is the literal address of a computer.

Domain Name or literal address of a computer can be:

domain name of the first (top) level - first level domain;
second level domain name;
domain name of the third level - third level domain. Domain Names of the first level are subdivided into:

	Organizational domains first level names in the United States:		Geographic domains first level names:
arpa	- Old style Arpanet	af	- Afghanistan (Afghanistan)
biz	- businesses firms (commercial)	ca	- Canada (Canada)
com	- commercial (commercial)	cc	- Cocos Islands
edu	- US educational (education)	de	- Germany (Germany)
gov	- US government	fr	- France (France)
int	- international (international)	ru	- Russia (Russia)
info	- information services	se	- Sweden (Sweden)
mil	- US military (US military)	tv	- Tuvalu (Tuvalu)
nato	- NATO field (NATO)	uk	- United Kingdom (Great Britain)
org	- non-profit organization	zw	- Zimbabwe (Zimbabwe)
net	- network (network services)	ws	- Western Samoa (Western Samoa)

The site www.nic.ru contains all the first level Geographic Domain Names.

The first level domain name looks like this - www.ru (Russian Internet zone)

This is how the second-level domain name is spelled - www.site

A third-level domain name consists of a second-level domain to which a subdomain is added to the left. For example - noyabrsk.ur.ru ("Noyabrsk.ru" - the site of the city of Noyabrsk)

Domain (domain name) is a site address, consisting of a set of characters or numbers, unique to a group of domain names. A group of domain names means special zones like.ru, .com, .org, .net, etc. The domain is displayed in the address bar of the browser.

If you intend to create a website, it does not matter whether it is a personal blog, a portfolio page for, an online store, a forum, etc., then first you need to come up with a name for your project and a domain name. Then you need to place your project on the hosting, after which other people will be able to visit your site.

In this article we will figure out how to come up with a name for your future site, what a domain (domain name) is, how to choose a domain, how to check it, how to register and configure a domain for your site.

What is a website domain in simple words and why is it needed?

The domain is needed to distinguish between sites. Even if the user does not enter the address of your site into the browser himself, but, for example, gets to your site through the search engine Yandex or Google, then these very search engines somehow need to correctly distinguish between millions of sites and redirect users correctly.

Now let's take a closer look at the address of a website. If you copy the site address from the address bar of your browser, you will see a link like this:

Let's analyze this domain in parts.

Http stands for HyperText Transfer Protocol, "Hypertext Transfer Protocol". If we talk simple language, then http is like traffic rules on the road, or in another way you can say like a translator between two people speaking different languages... It allows you to connect a user who opens a particular site on his computer and the site itself, which is created according to certain rules.

The HTTP protocol, like a translator, first listens to what one person (computer user) says to him and then translates it to a second person (website). As a result, mutual understanding occurs between the first and second person, which is expressed in the fact that the person opens the page he needs and studies the necessary information.

There are other protocols, such as HTTPS, which means a secure connection. That is, all information will be encrypted. Or the SMTP protocol, which is used to send email messages.

What is WWW?

WWW is an acronym that stands for World Wide Web, which means the World Wide Web. The world wide web are formed by millions of Internet web servers located around the world. The web server is computer program that runs on a computer connected to the network and uses the HTTP protocol to transfer data.

Actually, the files of various sites are located on the web servers. By files, we mean various pictures, videos, audio, various components of sites and folders in which all this economy is located. And over the HTTP protocol, various users around the world manage to connect to such web servers and view the content of sites.

But, the fact is that in the 90s of the last century and the beginning of the 00s of this century, web servers were very weak, so you had to place, for example, site files on one computer, mail server for email messages on another, and FTP server for remote access to files on the third. Server names began with the names of the computers on which they were located, and depending on what a person needed, for example, to view a website or send mail, they looked like this: www.site.com, mail.site.com or ftp.site.com ... In other words, the part of WWW in the name of the site helped to determine what a person needs. In this case, he needed to view a site.

But over time, with the development of the Internet, computers, web servers, the emergence of new data transfer protocols, etc., a piece of the WWW has ceased to be necessary. More precisely, the browsers through which we view sites have learned to determine the site address without it. Therefore, now, when we are typing the name of a site in the address bar, a part of www can be omitted. and often many sites that we go to, for example, through search engines show the name of the site also without this part of the WWW.

What is a second level domain?

Second level domain name(English second-level domain) - a part of a domain name, separated by a dot from the immediately following first-level domain (Wikipedia).

Why the second level? Because the first-level domain in our example is a particle of RU, but we'll talk about it a little below.

There are also third-level domains and it will look like this: www.client.site. I have a section for clients on this third-level domain. There are also domains of the fourth, fifth level, but they are extremely rare and practically not used by anyone.

The second level domain is the name of our site, depicted in this case in English. The fact is that now you can come up with domains in Russian. In my case, it would look like myruble.rf. Perhaps you have already met such sites on the Internet, in which the domain name was written in Russian and at the end there was a part of the Russian Federation.

If you are creating a website, then you can come up with any name for a second-level domain, the main thing is that this name is not busy. Below I will show you how to find out if the domain name you like is free or busy.

What is a first (top) level domain?

Now let's take a look at the final part of the link in question, a part of RU. This is also a domain, only the first one, or it is also called a top-level domain. A regular user cannot register a first-level domain, but a second-level domain is easy.

Top (first) level domain(English top-level domain, TLD) - the highest level in the hierarchy of the domain name system (DNS). Is the starting point (right to left) from which the Internet domain name begins.

According to the international agreement, each country was allocated a first-level domain name, indicating the site belongs to a particular state:

.ru - Russia.
.ua - Ukraine
.uk - UK
.de - Germany
.fr - France
Etc.

There are also first-level domains related to the line of business of the site, for example:

.gov is for US government agencies.
.com - originally thought of as a domain for commercial organizations, but is now used by all types of organizations, including educational institutions (usually private), individuals, non-profit and semi-profit organizations.
.edu - Designed for educational institutions.
.info - intended for information resources. It can be safely used by both individuals and legal entities.
.biz is for business organizations. Such a domain can be registered by both physical and entity, however, the registration can be challenged in the future if the domain owner is not engaged in commercial activities in accordance with the domain charter. The ..biz domain was created to ease the situation with the .com domain, which has become incredibly popular and, as a result, overcrowded.
.net - The name comes from the word "network", indicating its original purpose - the registration of organizations employed network technologies such as ISPs and other companies related to system administration, etc. But now it is used everywhere and in Russia it has become popular among resources dealing with the fight against any diseases, social aspects, for example gepatitu.net, which means Hepatitis NO, alkogolju.net, which means NO Alcohol. However, this is a free domain zone for registration by any person, both physical and legal. Moreover, this top-level domain is one of the most popular after.com
.org - originally intended for use by non-profit organizations that do not qualify for other domains. Also available for registration by anyone. A striking example among sites using this domain zone is wikipedia.org
.pro - this domain is intended in many countries of the world for licensed or certified lawyers, accountants, doctors, engineers. In Russia, many domain name registrars also require you to provide documents confirming your affiliation with the type of activity indicated on your website.
.aero - These domains can only be registered by organizations associated with air travel. In Russia, a striking example using this top-level domain is Pobeda Airlines (pobeda.aero).

In which domain zone is it best to choose a domain?

If your site will be designed for the Russian-speaking population, then first of all it is recommended to select a second-level domain in the .RU zone. This is important primarily for search engines Yandex, Google and others. They will understand that your site is designed for Runet (Russian-speaking Internet) and will better rank your site in the search results.

For more information on what ranking in search engine results is and how a domain name affects it, see the video below:

However, it may turn out that the variant of the domain name that you invented is already occupied by someone in the .RU zone. If you really like the domain and want to keep it at any cost, then you can check it in other domain zones, such as.com, .info, .net, .org, .рф.

These domain zones are in second place after the ..ru zone, if we prioritize them. In third place are the ..biz and.pro zones, and this is primarily due to the fact that these zones should be chosen only if you will be engaged in commercial activities and can confirm that your future site belongs to this activity.

For confirmation, you may be asked for a Certificate of Registration of an Individual Entrepreneur, as well as an extract from the tax office about the areas of activity you have chosen, a license for the type of activity, for example, if you are engaged in any construction and your site is dedicated to this subject, documents on the relevant education, for example, if your site is devoted to medical topics, then you may need a diploma of graduation from any medical institution.

But if you plan to create:

Business card website;
Portfolio site;
Personal blog;
Information site;

Then you should focus on the following domain zones: .ru, .com, .info, .net, .org, .рф.

If you are creating a personal page that will contain few pages, for example, portfolio, contacts, reviews, then it makes no difference in which domain zone your site will be.

If you are creating an information site or a personal blog in which you plan to regularly write articles and thereby attract a large number of visitors from search engines, then the priority here will be the name in the .RU zone. But if all the cool names are taken, then you can pick up something for yourself in the zones.com, .info, .net, .org.

If you are creating a one-page site where you will sell something and attract people with the help of advertising, then it does not matter in which zone you will have a domain.

If you are creating an online store, then first of all you need to focus on the country where the bulk of your customers will be located. For example, for Russia it is zone.ru, and for Ukraine.ua. But if interesting domains are occupied, then it is not critical if you choose an option for yourself in the .com, .biz or .pro zones.

Separately, it should be said about the zone.RF. This domain zone is best for one-page sites and personal business card sites, but not for informational sites with a lot of news. There may be technical difficulties associated with the coding of the Cyrillic alphabet and the adaptability of the server software for the Latin alphabet, as well as the incorrect display of the addresses of your pages in old browsers and in search engine results.

What is cybersquatting and domaining?

In the process of coming up with a domain name, which we will talk about in more detail below, as well as in the process of checking the invented options, you will encounter the fact that many interesting names will be occupied by other people. But what is most annoying is that if you click on the selected name, then there will be no site there, but you will see an announcement that this domain is for sale.

This is where the terms cybersquatting and domaining are used.

Cybersquatting- registration of domain names containing trade mark owned by another person for the purpose of their further resale or unfair use. People who practice such actions are called cybersquatters.

For example, imagine that the Coca-Cola company does not have a website. And then the moment came when they decided to start it. But here's the bad luck, there was some more enterprising and quick person who registered this domain name for himself. Naturally, he did it for selfish purposes, so that later this domain could be resold to the Coca-Cola company for big money.

Domaining (English domaining, from domain - domain)- almost the same as Cybersquatting - it is domain name speculation. The bottom line is the acquisition of Internet domain names for their subsequent resale in order to make a profit.

The main difference is that not brands of any well-known companies are registered here, but good interesting words from the most popular areas of our life, which can be used to create a website and attract a lot of traffic, due to the uniqueness of this word.

Most expensive domain

A prime example is Sex.com, which entered the Guinness Book of Records as the most expensive domain ever sold. Transaction amount $ 13 million. Year of sale: 2010.

Here are a few more examples of people who made huge amounts of money selling a domain name:

Vodka.com sold for $ 3 million in 2006
Business.com sold for $ 7.5 million in 1999
Hotels.com sold for $ 11 million in 2001
Pizza.com sold for $ 2 million in 2008
Beer.com sold for $ 7 million in 2004
Diamond.com sold for $ 7 million in 2006
Toys.com sold for $ 5 million in 2009
Clothes.com sold for $ 4 million in 2008
CreditCards.com sold for $ 2 million in 2004
Computer.com sold for $ 2 million in 2007
Russia.com sold for $ 1 million in 2009

So, as you can imagine, domain trading can be very profitable. If you do not plan to trade domains, but want to create your own website and come up with an interesting and memorable name for it, then you may have problems with this.

According to my subjective estimates, 80% of all interesting names already occupied by cybersquatters. Therefore, you will have to puzzle a lot to come up with and check dozens, if not hundreds of very different names and their variations in different domain zones.

How to come up with and choose a domain name?

The process of coming up with a domain name can take you from a few hours to several weeks. Before starting this process, I recommend that you prepare some kind of notebook or create a special folder on your computer, where you will record all the options that come to your mind.

Remember, the domain is chosen once and for all. If after several years of hard work on your site you want to change the domain name to something more interesting, then be prepared for the fact that search engines will react negatively to this and this may affect you with a decrease in the number of visitors, and, therefore, loss arrived.

Please also note that the name of the site and its address may differ. For example, the name of my site sounds like “My Ruble”. And his domain name looks like www.site. The meaning of the name of my site and its domain are similar, but the spelling is different. In this case, to write the domain name, I used the translation into English the words “My (my) Ruble (rouble)”.

In this case, I could use, for example, this option: moyrubl.ru. This way of coming up with domain names is called transliteration - the exact transfer of characters from one script to characters from another script.

There are special services that will help you make the correct transliteration, for example, this service: http://translit-online.ru/

When choosing a domain name, it is important to decide on the topic of the site for which you will come up with and register a domain.

If you are a freelancer and want to create a personal page with a portfolio and reviews, then it is recommended to choose a combination of your first and last name, for example, ivanov.ru or smpetrov.ru, where the first letters sm will be the initials.
You can also use words that describe your activities or a combination of such words, including with your first or last name. For example, if you are engaged in design, then you can search for domain names containing the word design (masterofdesign.ru, ivanoffdesign.ru, etc.)
If you are going to launch an informational site or blog, then it would be logical to choose a domain with the theme of your site. If this is a culinary site, then you need to select a domain name that will reflect the culinary theme.
The domain name for the corporate website of the company can contain the name of the company or be based on some keywords ah, characterizing the direction of the company. For example, if your organization is engaged in European renovation, it is logical to choose the name euro-remont.ru. Another example is tur4you.ru or kuda.ru - for a travel company website.

When choosing a domain name, it is advisable to select short options that will be euphonious and not causing any questions with spelling options, as well as easy to remember.

Modern "sharks" of Internet business - for example, lenta.ru, artlebedev.ru, gazeta.ru, utro.ru - with just one name can inform the visitor not only about their subject matter, direction of activity, but also about the quality of work, the level of information presentation , his target audience and much more. Of course, in order for your site to stand on a par with the Internet giants, you need to do a lot of work on its work. However, it is quite easy to make a site recognizable only by means of a domain name.

Ideally, your name will be within 4-8 characters. But even if the name is longer, then this is not critical. Remember that people will evaluate the quality of the content on your site and its usefulness first.

Brainstorm

If you have difficulty with your creative imagination and few interesting domain name options come to mind, I recommend that you follow these tips:

Open any search engine and fill in there various keywords related to your future site. Then look at the names of existing sites that will give you search system at your request and try to come up with an analogue, synonym or play on different parts of words.
Open a directory of Internet sites, choose a topic that suits you and see what words in domain names your competitors are using. Based on this, try to come up with your own version.
Open English-Russian directories and look for translations of keywords that most accurately describe the topic of your site. For example, if you want to create a sports site, then look for translations of words such as: sports, fitness, movement, health, healthy lifestyle, vigor, strength, etc. Based on these words, try to come up with a name for your site.

You can learn more about all these options for coming up with domain names in the video below:

How do I check a domain for availability?

So, after you sketch out a dozen or two different options, it's time to start checking for the availability of your domain. I usually do domain selection. Then I register domains there. For more details on the procedure for checking and selecting a domain name, see the video.