Why does the adapter heat up when charging? Why does the charger heat up? Operating system problems

Yes, almost all chargers are heated. There is nothing wrong with that. But for reassurance, it is better not to leave it on. Charger in your absence. Here some advise turning off the phone while charging, then the charger will not get very hot. Yes, this method really helps. I personally tested it.

If the charger gets a little warm during use, there is nothing to worry about. This is fine. Place your hand on the ventilation grill of the TV, or touch the bottom of your laptop, they all generate heat while functioning.

It is another matter if the charger heats up and becomes almost hot. In this case, it is advisable to disassemble it and check if everything is in order there, if nothing is leaking, if there are any foreign odors.

In addition, when charging the phone, in no case should it be put under a pillow or covered with anything. The heat generated by the appliance should be free to escape.

This can happen due to a malfunction of the charger (contacts burn out) or the socket into which the charger is plugged in is not quite suitable for it: the device dangles and as a result heats up.

I'm talking about situations when the charger is warming up much.

Chargers for modern smart assistants: laptop, tablet, smartphone, ordinary mobile phone, GPS - navigator ..., represent electrical circuits through which the current flows.

Without going into the nuances of converting alternating current (network) into direct current (for charging) and without stopping at the element base, it should be noted that the electric current itself, passing in the conductor, leads to an increase in internal energy and its heating.

The law connecting the amount of heat generated with current and resistance was discovered by scientists J. Joule and E. Lenz.

It is written like this:



Q is the amount of heat,

I - value electric current,

R - loop resistance,

t is time.

Physics of grade 8 does not describe all the reasons for the heating of the charger. Of course, it is necessary to take into account the electromagnetic processes in the transformer (its efficiency) and other points. But, the Joule-Lenz law works.

You can learn more about heating conductors in this video tutorial.

Do not worry, but you need to remember some of the physical properties of electric current. It is known that any conductor of electric current has resistance. Roughly speaking, electrons must push between the atoms of the conductor, collide with them, while heat is released, which heats the conductors. Therefore, the temperature of the power supply in 50-60 degrees is quite normal. it should be noted that all parts are in a plastic case, which gives off heat to the environment very poorly.

It's okay. Now everything is small, and everything is heating up, this is in the order of things, but of course you need to know when to stop. When I bought myself a phone, and the first time I put it on charge (while clicking it), I couldn't hold my finger on the charger for a long time.

I'll tell you from my own experience. I have an extension cord for 3 sockets, not a surge protector, I bought it at ozon ru, and two devices are connected to it - a table lamp and a computer, and when I connect the charger to the third free socket, it heats up quickly, but when it just directly to a wall outlet, charging is normal. Hence the conclusion - the quality of the outlet also affects the load on the outlet.

Almost all phones still have this very shortcoming. While the phone is being charged, the charger is under load. According to the scheme, there is a transformer and a diode bridge which create a closed circuit when the phone is connected, and this circuit heats up, that is, the transformer is mainly heated, but this does not change the matter. And how many times have I noticed that (sometimes you forget to turn off the charger from the network) nothing like this happens if the phone is turned off. The charger is practically cold.

Of course, any charger in the process of its work, at least a little, but must necessarily warm up, here it is enough to recall the Joule-Lenz law, which indicates to us that if current flows through a conductor, then heating of this conductor will also be observed, unless of course we are talking about a real conductor, for example, about the same copper, or about a semiconductor from which diodes and transistors are made.

Even the most ordinary wires, one way or another, always warm up a little from the current. But some chargers sometimes get too hot. Let's try to figure out why this is happening.

In the case of current chargers, Joule heat is not the only reason for heating or overheating. Any modern network charger is above all. And in the step-down pulse converter there is, firstly, a pulse transformer on ferrite or at least a ferrite choke.

Iron transformers in chargers today, perhaps, are not found. Secondly, in pulse converters there are field-effect transistors and, thirdly, rectifier diodes. Thus, there are as many as three sources of warming up here.

Ferrite core

At the input of a typical charger, there is a AC voltage to permanent. This constant voltage of about 300-310 volts is supplied with the help of short pulses to a pulse transformer or to a choke (depending on the charger circuitry), which contains a ferrite core.

So, pulses with a frequency of several tens of kilohertz are applied to this inductive element. The core of the inductive element is real, which means that when it is magnetized and demagnetized, eddy currents in it one way or another arise, not to mention saturation. So, during the operation of the charger, this ferrite core heats up.

And if the developer of the charger tried to make it as compact as possible, then the core must have chosen and set the minimum size possible for a given power, while the frequency of the converter was overestimated. As a result, the core, of course, overheats.

If, for example, the normal frequency for the core is 50 kHz, and all 250 kHz is applied to it. The size turned out to be smaller, however, more heat will be released in return, because ferrites that can be magnetized by high frequency without overheating, they are more expensive, and the size, again, will turn out to be larger, which is not profitable for marketing.

Transistor

A transistor (field-effect or bipolar) converts the rectified mains voltage into high-frequency pulses, which are supplied. This is how most chargers work. In rare cases, there may be two transistors. If the charger is relatively powerful, then the transistor needs a radiator to remove heat, because the transistor heats up just according to the Joule-Lenz law.

If the manufacturer of the power supply unit decided to save on the size of the radiator, or did not install it at all, or even installed cheap transistors with a high channel resistance, then the device, of course, will overheat. In non-original chargers, this is often found.

Rectifier diodes

Rectifiers, converting a low impulse voltage into a constant low voltage for charging, stand at the output, and they also heat up. They have a voltage drop from 0.2 (at best) to 0.5 volts, and with an output current of, say, 1 ampere, some noticeable amount of heat will already be released only on these diodes. And if the output current is higher, but if the voltage is less, this greatly affects the efficiency.

Conclusion

Thus, if you want your charger to warm up as little as possible and not overheat, buy original (from the manufacturer of the charging device) chargers in which high-quality components are installed, where the developer did not try to save money on everything, but focused on the quality of his product.

A small voltage is used to charge the phone, and the network, as you know, has an alternating current of 220 V. In the process of transformation of electricity, a certain amount of energy is inevitably lost in the form of heat, but it so happens that the charging of the phone heats up too much. It is about this case that will be discussed in this article.

Curbing

Should the charger warm up

If a certified charger was purchased for a specific phone model, then strong heating of the electricity converter should not be observed. At normal ambient temperature, the device can operate with a slight increase in temperature, but this state of the device is not critical.

Strong heating of the charger case may indicate problems with the device itself or with a charged phone. This state of the electronics is abnormal and must be corrected.

What can the overheating of the charger lead to?

At a minimum, the operation of the device in overheating mode can lead to the failure of the main charging elements. Items such as electrolytic capacitors and transistors should not be operated at too high temperatures. If the charger is constantly operating in this mode, then a quick failure of the device is possible.

If the board is damaged and a short circuit occurs, then high currents can cause a fire. Even if a fire does not break out, then plastic case may melt, which could cause an electric shock when attempting to unplug the device, or severe thermal burns from molten plastic.

Why does the charger get hot?

There can be quite a few reasons for the strong heating of the charger. A similar phenomenon can be observed both for natural reasons and as a result of a breakdown of the charger.

Natural causes

The charger can heat up for natural reasons. Regardless of the power, any device of this type has an efficiency less than 100%, therefore, energy losses during the conversion of electric current will occur with the release of heat.

If the smartphone supports the fast charging function, then when this mode is activated, the charging can also get quite hot. This effect occurs due to the supply of a higher current to the battery contacts.

Due to malfunctions

Most often, the charging heats up due to the incorrect selection of diodes at the design and production stage of the product. If the adapter is assembled in China, then this is not surprising, because the quality of products supplied from this Asian country leaves much to be desired.

If the charger heats up from the moment of purchase and heats up to the temperature of the heating radiator operating in winter, then this may also indicate that it is working at the limit of the possible. This situation can be observed when operating a serviceable device to which a too high load has been connected.

How to understand what the problem is

Look at the charger label to find the cause of the excessive heat. If the indicated value in mA is less than that required to charge the battery of a particular phone model, then such a device will always work with the release of a large amount of thermal energy.

If the charger is covered with an object during charging, the body of the product can also become very hot. In this case, the charging may be burned due to overheating.

A short circuit in the charger, cable or telephone connector will also cause the device to heat up. Determining such a breakdown will not be difficult due to the lack of a smartphone battery charge.

The device can be closed if the internal insulation or the cable connected to the phone is melted, as well as if a thin copper wire hits the plug contacts when the charger is connected to a mobile device.

Do you have any questions or something to add? Then write to us about it in the comments, this will make the material more complete and accurate.

Knowing why the phone heats up, the user can try to lower its temperature.

This will help solve one of the most common problems - although owners of devices on other platforms also face it.

If you leave the question unresolved, a smartphone may not only lose some of its functionality but also prematurely fail.

Danger of overheating

Smartphone manufacturers provide the ability to heat their products in some situations - when running resource-intensive applications, while charging or surfing the Internet.

Sometimes this is even considered the norm and does not require any action to fix the problem on the part of users.

But, if the body of the smartphone heats up constantly (even when they are not using it), you should try to reduce the heating first on your own, and if the problem becomes critical, contact the service.

The danger of a heating smartphone(but the processor and the battery get hot, first of all) lies in the possibility of a noticeable decrease in the battery life. After six months, the period of operation of the gadget without recharging is reduced by 1.5-2 times. Sometimes its battery can even explode or self-ignite.

Overheating reasons

The main reasons for overheating modern smartphone can be attributed:

• The appearance of problems with the platform on which the device is running (including the work background applications and virus infection);
• The brightness set by the user is too high;
• Operation of wireless network modules;
• The wrong approach to charging a smartphone;
• Unsuitable cover.

Almost every user can face any of these reasons. Moreover, usually several of them simultaneously affect the heating performance of the phone case.

However, dealing with most of these reasons is not so difficult - it is enough to pay more attention to your smartphone than usual.

Operating system problems

Operating system and software failures are often the reason for the rise in smartphone temperatures.

In the process of using the gadget, installing and uninstalling applications, inner memory filled with residual files, which sometimes affect the temperature of the processor.

An even more serious impact on the heating of the phone is the work of open background applications that reduce the performance of the device and - you can close them using the built-in or third-party "task managers".

The problem may lie in the firmware.- especially if it was reinstalled by the user himself. Errors in program code lead to overheating of the processor and battery. You can solve the problem with a reinstalled platform by returning the gadget to factory settings or rolling back the system to a previous version (if such an option is provided), during which no such problems were observed. If the phone heats up exactly in the version that was installed by default, it may be worth updating it.

If none of the tips helps to solve the problem, it is possible that the system is infected with a virus.- most likely, a "worm" that transfers the user's personal data to unauthorized persons.

Because of this, the smartphone may heat up, and the confidentiality of the information in its memory is at risk.

The problem is solved by installing good antivirus(for example - each of these programs has free versions) and a system scan.

Screen options

One of the answers to the question of overheating may be screen parameters.

The maximum brightness, which is often set when using the smartphone in sunlight, reduces the battery capacity 1.5 times faster than the standard setting.

At the same time, the passive cooling system of gadgets cannot cope with the increase in speed, and the device heats up more.

To solve the problem, use automatic settings brightness. If these indicators do not suit the user, you can change them yourself - increasing when watching a video or during a game, decreasing during normal use.

Heavy CPU utilization

The central processor of a smartphone is most often loaded if the user turns on modern ones.

The temperature is considered normal not higher than 45 degrees, critical - above 50 degrees.

If the gadget heats up more, and none of the ways to fix the situation helps, you should close all applications and wait about a quarter of an hour.

A smartphone that has shut down due to overheating may turn off. After that, you should leave the gadget alone, trying to turn it on no earlier than after 20-30 minutes. In some cases, the problem disappears after switching on.

conclusions

Having followed all the tips for lowering the temperature of the smartphone, the user in most cases achieves the desired result.

The only exception can be a problem with the hardware, which you cannot solve on your own. However, the solution may be to contact the service.

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