Computers installed in common places. Correct organization of the workplace at the computer

How to properly organize a computer workplace? Not everyone thinks about this, and after all, not only how convenient it will be for you to work, but also your health in general, depends on the correct organization of the workplace. Exists simple ways protect yourself when communicating with a computer. For example, organize your workplace correctly. The following guidelines will help you with this.

It is advisable to install the monitor in the corner of the room or deploy it back panel to the wall.

In a room where several people work, when placing workstations with a PC, the distance between work tables with video monitors (in the direction of the rear surface of one video monitor and the screen of another video monitor) must be at least 2.0 m, and the distance between the side surfaces of video monitors must be at least 1.2 m. Under no circumstances should you put computers against each other. Do not leave the monitor turned on for a long time, use the "standby" mode more often. Ground the PC.

During operation, the distance to the monitor screen must be at least 70 cm.

For professional operators personal computer, schoolchildren and students throughout the Russian Federation there are sanitary rules and regulations SanPiN 2.2.2 / 2.4.1340-03 "Hygienic requirements for personal computers and work organization" (as amended by SanPiN 2.2.2 / 2.4.2198-07 Amendment No. 1, SanPiN 2.2.2 / 2.4.2620-10 Amendment No. 2, SanPiN 2.2.2 / 2.4.2732-10 Amendment No. 3).

The main measures for the prevention of visual fatigue are: correct organization of the workplace, limiting the duration of work with a computer in accordance with the category of the user and the nature of the work he does; for professional users - mandatory regulated breaks during which special eye exercises should be performed; in schools, technical schools and universities - connecting timers to computers that regulate the time of working with a monitor, regularly doing exercises for the eyes, restoring physical performance.

The workplace should be comfortable and sufficiently illuminated; the rays of light should not fall directly into the eyes.

It is better to place the monitor a little further than it is done during normal reading. The top of the screen should be at or slightly below eye level. If you are working with texts on paper, the sheets should be placed as close to the screen as possible in order to avoid frequent movements of the head and eyes when moving the gaze. The lighting must be arranged so that there is no glare on the screen. Create good lighting in the room where you are working. Use modern lighting fixtures that provide optimal illumination. In the room where you work, do not use cold colors and wallpapers, as well as dark ones. The best colors for humans are white, lemon yellow and salad.

Keep in mind that your computer screen can collect dust. To achieve a clear image, wipe it regularly with an anti-static solution or use special wipes. Do not use alcohol to clean the monitors - the anti-reflective coating may deteriorate.

The keyboard also needs to be wiped clean. It is best to do this with a cotton swab. From time to time, the keyboard should be turned over and shaken out. Moisten the air in the winter and dry it in the summer. Fight dust. A hanger for outerwear, a place for shoes should be isolated from the room.

Isolate yourself from noise whenever possible. Try not to create it yourself. Train yourself to speak in a calm voice; don't talk too much.

The furniture that you use when working on a computer should be comfortable, since the convenience of the location of the arms, legs and spine depends on it. You cannot neglect the spine - it reacts very quickly and noticeably to this. In recent years, a huge number of office chairs and armchairs have been produced, which allow you to feel comfortable during the whole working day.

The height of the computer desk should be such that during operation the screen is located slightly below the line of sight, and you would not have to spend several hours in a row with your head up. There should be enough space under the table so that you can stretch out your tired legs from time to time; and the chair should be so-called "computer" - rotating, with adjustable height, armrests and a comfortable back, with a semi-soft non-slip coating; if necessary, a pillow can be placed under the back to prevent lumbosacral osteochondrosis. In a sitting position, the feet should be on the floor, the thigh should be parallel to the floor, and the back should be straight.

The depth of the table should be such that the distance to the monitor screen is at least 50 cm. Its width depends on the number of peripheral devices and various office supplies. The design of the working chair should ensure:

width and depth of the seat surface not less than 400 mm;

seat surface with rounded front edge;

seat surface height adjustment within 400 - 550 mm and tilt angle forward up to 15 degrees, backward up to 5 degrees;

the height of the backrest support surface is 300-20 mm, the width is at least 380 mm and the radius of curvature of the horizontal plane is 400 mm;

backrest angle in the vertical plane within 30 degrees;

adjustment of the backrest distance from the front edge of the seat in the range of 260 - 400 mm;

stationary or removable armrests with a length of at least 250 mm and a width of 50 - 70 mm;

adjustable armrests in height above the seat within 230-30 mm and the inner distance between the armrests within 350 - 500 mm.

Back office chair serves as a stable support for the lumbar and lower half of the thoracic spine. A slight bulge in the lower back rests the middle lumbar vertebrae in the correct position of the physiological bend inherent in the lumbar spine. An important point is that the backrest has a special tilt adjuster. In the process of work, regular rest is necessary, since the monotonous position is quite tiring for the eyes, neck and back. During work, it is imperative to take short breaks of 10-15 minutes every hour, while it is advisable to do exercises for the neck and eyes, or just spend time in motion.

Naturally, the room must be ventilated. These simple tips help you stay healthy and do your job more efficiently. (based on the materials of SanPiN 2.2.2 / 2.4.1340-03 "Hygienic requirements for personal electronic computers and work organization" (as amended by SanPiN 2.2.2 / 2.4.2732-10)

The material was prepared by L.A. Shutilina

Requirements for premises when working at a computer

The premises should have natural and artificial lighting. The location of workstations behind monitors for adult users in the basement is not allowed.

The area for one workplace with a computer for adult users must be at least 6 m 2, and the volume must be at least -20 m 3.

Rooms with computers should be equipped with heating, air conditioning or efficient supply and exhaust ventilation.

For interior decoration of rooms with computers, diffuse-reflective materials with a reflection coefficient for the ceiling of 0.7-0.8 should be used; for walls - 0.5-0.6; for the floor - 0.3-0.5.

The floor surface in the rooms where computers are used must be flat, without potholes, non-slip, convenient for cleaning and wet cleaning, and have antistatic properties.

The room must contain a first aid kit, a carbon dioxide fire extinguisher for extinguishing a fire.

Requirements for microclimate, ionic composition and concentration of harmful chemicals in indoor air

At the workplaces of personal computer users, the optimal microclimate parameters must be ensured in accordance with SanPin 2.2.4.548-96. According to this document, for the category of work severity 1a, the air temperature should be no more than 22-24 o C in the cold period of the year, 20-25 o C in the warm period of the year. The relative humidity should be 40-60%, the speed of air movement

ha - 0.1 m / s. To maintain optimal microclimate values, a heating and air conditioning system is used. To increase the air humidity in the room, use humidifiers with distilled or boiled drinking water.

The ionic composition of the air should contain the following amount of negative and positive aeroions; the minimum required level of 600 and 400 ions in 1 cm 3 of air; the optimal level of 3000-5000 and 1500-3000 ions in 1 cm 3 of air; the maximum allowable is 50,000 ions in 1 cm 3 of air. To maintain the optimal ionic composition of the air, dedusting and disinfecting the air in the room, it is recommended to use the apparatus of the "Diod" plant of the "Ellion" series.

Requirements for lighting premises and workplaces

Computer rooms should have natural and artificial lighting. Natural lighting is provided through window openings with a KEO natural lighting coefficient of at least 1.2% in areas with a stable snow cover and at least 1.5% in the rest of the territory. The luminous flux from the window opening must fall on the operator's workplace from the left side.

Artificial lighting in the rooms where computers are used should be carried out by a general uniform lighting system.

Illumination on the table surface in the area of ​​document placement should be 300-500 lux. It is allowed to install local lighting fixtures to illuminate documents. Local lighting should not create glare on the surface of the screen and increase the illumination of the screen by more than 300 lux. Direct glare from light sources should be limited. The brightness of luminous surfaces (windows, lamps) in the field of view should be no more than 200 cd / m 2.

Reflected gloss on work surfaces is limited by the right choice the luminaire and the location of workplaces in relation to the natural light source. The brightness of the glare on the monitor screen should not exceed 40 cd / m2. The glare index for general artificial lighting sources in the premises should be no more than 20, the discomfort index in administrative and public premises should not be more than 40. The brightness ratio between work surfaces should not exceed 3: 1 - 5: 1, and between work surfaces and wall surfaces and equipment 10: 1.

For artificial lighting of premises with personal computers, LPO36 lamps with mirrored grids, equipped with high-frequency ballasts, should be used. It is allowed to use lamps of direct light, mainly reflected light of the LPO13, LPO5, LSO4, LPO34, LPO31 types with fluorescent lamps of the LB type. It is allowed to use local lighting fixtures with incandescent lamps. Luminaires should be located in the form of solid or dashed lines on the side of workplaces parallel to the user's line of sight when computers are located differently. With a perimeter arrangement - the lines of the lamps should be located locally above the working table closer to its front edge facing the operator. The protective angle of the luminaires must be at least 40 degrees. Luminaires of local lighting must have a non-translucent reflector with a protective angle of at least 40 degrees.

To ensure the normative values ​​of illumination in the premises, it is necessary to clean the glass of window openings and lamps at least twice a year and to timely replace the burned out lamps.

Indoor Noise and Vibration Requirements

The noise levels in the workplaces of personal computer users should not exceed the values ​​established by SanPiN 2.2.4 / 2.1.8.562-96 and amount to no more than 50 dBA. At workplaces in rooms for the placement of noisy units, the noise level should not exceed 75 dBA, and the vibration level in rooms of permissible values ​​according to СН 2.2.4 / 2.1.8.566-96 category 3, type "c".

It is possible to reduce the noise level in rooms by using sound-absorbing materials with maximum sound absorption coefficients in the frequency range 63-8000 Hz for finishing walls and ceilings of rooms. An additional sound-absorbing effect is created by plain curtains made of dense fabric, hung in a fold at a distance of 15-20 cm from the fence. The curtain should be 2 times the width of the window.

Requirements for the organization and equipment of workplaces

Workstations with personal computers in relation to light openings should be located so that natural light falls from the side, preferably from the left.

Layouts of workplaces with personal computers should take into account the distance between desktops with monitors: the distance between the side surfaces of monitors is at least 1.2 m, and the distance between the monitor screen and the back of another monitor is at least 2.0 m.

The working table can be of any design that meets modern ergonomic requirements and allows you to conveniently place equipment on the working surface, taking into account its quantity, size and nature of the work performed. It is advisable to use tables that have a special work surface separate from the main table top for placing the keyboard. Used work tables with adjustable and non-adjustable height of the work surface. In the absence of adjustment, the table height should be between 680 and 800 mm.

The depth of the working surface of the table should be 800 mm (allowed at least 600 mm), the width should be 1,600 mm and 1,200 mm, respectively. The working surface of the table should not have sharp corners and edges, have a matte or semi-matte factor.

The work table must have legroom at least 600 mm high, at least 500 mm wide, at least 450 mm deep at knee level and at least 650 mm at the level of outstretched legs.

Fast and accurate reading of information is ensured when the plane of the screen is located below the user's eye level, preferably perpendicular to the normal line of sight (normal line of sight 15 degrees downward from the horizontal).

The keyboard should be located on the table surface at a distance of 100-300 mm from the edge facing the user.

For the convenience of reading information from documents, movable stands (music stands) are used, the dimensions of which in length and width correspond to the dimensions of the documents installed on them. The music stand is placed in the same plane and at the same height with the screen.

To ensure a physiologically rational working posture, to create conditions for changing it during the working day, lifting-swivel working chairs with a seat and backrest, adjustable in height and tilt angles, as well as the distance of the backrest from the front edge of the seat, are used.

The chair design should provide:

width and depth of the seat surface not less than 400 mm;

seat surface with rounded front edge;

adjustment of the height of the seat surface within 400-550 mm and tilt angle forward up to 15 degrees and backward up to 5 degrees .;

the height of the back support surface is 300 ± 20 mm, the width is not less than 380 mm and the radius of curvature of the horizontal plane is 400 mm;

backrest angle in the vertical plane within 0 ± 30 degrees;

backrest distance adjustment from the front edge of the seat within 260-400 mm;

stationary or removable armrests with a length of at least 250 mm and a width of 50-70 mm;

adjustment of armrests in height above the seat within 230 ± 30 mm and the inner distance between the armrests within 350-500 mm .;

the surface of the seat, back and armrests should be semi-soft, with a non-slip, non-electrifying, airtight coating that can be easily cleaned from dirt.

The workplace must be equipped with a footrest with a width of at least 300 mm, a depth of at least 400 mm, height adjustment up to 150 mm and an angle of inclination of the support surface of the support up to 20 degrees. The surface of the stand should be grooved and have a 10 mm high rim along the front edge.

Work and rest mode when working with a computer

The mode of work and rest provides for the observance of a certain duration of continuous work on a PC and breaks, regulated taking into account the duration work shift, types and categories of labor activity.

The types of work activities on the PC are divided into 3 groups: group A - work on reading information from the screen with a preliminary request; group B - work on entering information; group B - creative work in a dialogue mode with a PC.

If during a work shift the user performs different types of work, then his activity is referred to that group of work, on the implementation of which at least 50% of the work shift time is spent.

Categories of severity and intensity of work on a PC are determined by the level of workload per work shift: for group A - by the total number of readable characters; for group B - by the total number of read or input characters; for group B - according to the total time of direct work on the PC. The table shows the categories of the severity and intensity of work depending on the level of workload per work shift.

The number and duration of regulated breaks, their distribution during the work shift is established depending on the category of work on the PC and the duration of the work shift.

With an 8-hour work shift and working on a PC, regulated breaks should be set:

for the second category of work - 2 hours after the start of the work shift and 1.5-2.0 hours after the lunch break, each 15 minutes long or 10 minutes long every hour of work;

for the third category of work - after 1.5-2.0 hours from the beginning of the work shift and 1.5-2.0 hours after the lunch break, each 20 minutes long or 15 minutes long every hour of work.

With a 12-hour work shift, regulated breaks should be established in the first 8 hours of work similarly to breaks for an 8-hour work shift, and during the last 4 hours of work, regardless of the category and type of work, every hour for 15 minutes.

The duration of continuous work on a PC without a regulated break should not exceed 2 hours.

When working on a PC during the night shift, the duration of regulated breaks is increased by 60 minutes, regardless of the category and type of work activity.

Unregulated breaks (micro-pauses) lasting 1-3 minutes are effective.

It is advisable to use regulated breaks and micro-pauses to perform a set of exercises and gymnastics for the eyes, fingers, as well as massage. It is advisable to change the exercise complexes after 2-3 weeks.

PC users performing work with a high level of tension are shown psychological relief during regulated breaks and at the end of the working day in specially equipped rooms (psychological relief rooms).

Medical and preventive and recreational activities. All professional PC users must undergo mandatory preliminary medical examinations upon admission to work, periodic medical examinations with the obligatory participation of a therapist, neuropathologist and ophthalmologist, as well as a general blood test and ECG.

Women are not allowed to work on the PC from the time of pregnancy and breastfeeding.

Nearsightedness, hyperopia and other refractive errors must be completely corrected with glasses. For work, glasses must be used, selected taking into account the working distance from the eyes to the display screen. In case of more serious visual impairments, the question of the possibility of working on a PC is decided by an ophthalmologist.

To relieve the fatigue of the accommodative muscles and train them, computer programs such as Relax are used.

It is advisable for those who work intensively to use such newest means of vision prevention as LPO-trainer glasses and DAK and Sniper-ultra ophthalmological simulators.

Leisure is recommended for passive and active recreation (exercise on simulators, swimming, cycling, running, playing tennis, football, skiing, aerobics, walking in the park, forest, excursions, listening to music, etc.). Twice a year (in spring and late autumn), it is recommended to carry out a course of vitamin therapy for a month. Stop smoking. Smoking should be strictly prohibited in workplaces and in rooms with a PC.

Security Report on the topic: Sanitary and Epidemiological

norms for working with a computer.

Occupational safety and health when working at a computer

Labor protection when working at a computer is regulated by:

The Labor Code of the Russian Federation,

SanPiN 2.2.2 / 2.4.1340-03 "Hygienic requirements for personal computers and work organization",

Instruction on labor protection when working on a PC.

The computer is widely used in the office, in production. The use of computer technology has fundamentally changed the nature of the work of office workers and the requirements for the organization and labor protection.

Failure to comply with safety requirements when working at a computer leads to discomfort for workers: headaches and pain in the eyes appear, fatigue and irritability appear. Sleep may be disturbed, vision deteriorates, arms, neck, lower back begin to ache.

According to the legislative acts of the Russian Federation, it follows that when working at a computer:

the maximum working time at the computer should not exceed 6 hours per shift;

it is necessary to take breaks from work at the computer for 10 minutes every 45 minutes of work;

the duration of continuous work at the computer without a regulated break should not exceed 1 hour;

during regulated breaks in order to reduce neuro-emotional stress and fatigue of vision, to prevent the development of posotonic fatigue, it is advisable to perform complexes of special exercises.

The area of ​​the workplace at the computer must be at least 4.5 m2. In rooms where computer work takes place, daily wet cleaning and systematic ventilation should be carried out after each hour of work. Noisy equipment (printers, scanners, servers, etc.), the noise levels of which exceed the norm, should be located outside the workplaces of employees.

Tables where work takes place at the computer should be placed in such a way that the monitors are oriented with their side to the light openings, and natural light falls mainly from the left.

When placing workplaces, the distance between the tables where work at the computer takes place should be at least 2.0 m, and the distance between the side surfaces of video monitors should be at least 1.2 m. high concentration of attention, it is recommended to isolate from each other with partitions with a height of 1.5 m.

The design of the table where the work at the computer takes place should ensure optimal placement on the working surface of the equipment used. The height of the working surface of the table should be 725 mm, the working surface of the table should have a width of 800..1400 mm and a depth of 800..1000 mm. A table for working at a computer must have legroom at least 600 mm high, at least 500 mm wide, at least 450 mm deep at the knee level and at least 650 mm at the level of outstretched legs.

The design of a working chair or a chair for working at a computer should ensure the maintenance of a rational working posture of the employee and allow changing the posture in order to reduce the static tension of the muscles of the neck-shoulder region and back. A working chair or a chair for working at a computer should be lifting and swiveling, adjustable in height and angles of the seat and backrest, as well as the distance of the backrest from the front edge of the seat, while the adjustment of each parameter should be independent, easy to carry out and have reliable fixation.

When working at a computer, the keyboard should be placed on the table surface at a distance of 100..300 mm from the edge facing the user, or on a special surface separated from the main tabletop.

When working at a computer, the video monitor screen should be at a distance of 600..700 mm from the user's eyes, but not closer than 500.